Extraction and preparation of formulation:
SOXHLET APPARATUS :
Preparation of the extract :
The air-dried powdered leaves was defatted with petroleum ether for 24 h followed by extracting with ethanol using a soxhlet apparatus for 18hours. After extraction, the liquid extract was concentrated under vacuum to yield dry extract. The dried residue (extract) was preserved in a desiccator until further use . About 5 g of semisolid extract was incorporated into the 100 g of simple ointment base B.P. Simple ointment base was used as control group. Extract ointment was used once daily to treat different groups of animals.
There are various few other extraction process.
Animals:
Male wistar rats with body weight between 175-225gm were used in these
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Wound contraction was measured in each 3 days interval, until complete wound healing and expressed in percentage of healed wound area. The epithelization time was measured from initial day.
Measurement of tensile strength:
Tensile strength is the resistance to breaking under tension. It indicates how much the repaired tissue resists to breaking under tension and may indicate in part the quality of repaired tissue. Sutures were removed on the 9th day after wound creation and the tensile strength was measured. For this purpose, the newly formed tissue including scar was excised and tensile strength was measured with the help of tensiometer, which is based on method of Kuwano. In this method wound breaking strength was measured as the weight of water at the time of wound breaking per area of the specimen.
Dry granulation weight:
From the collected tissue 10th day skin sample of dead space wound (granulomas) was excised from cotton pellets and granuloma mass was dried and weighed, while the other part of granuloma tissue was used for determination of tensile
Carlton suffered an acute tissue injury on his foot after stepping on a sharp edge shell, which disrupted the layers of the skin. Immediately after an injury occurs, an inflammatory response begins, which serves to control and eliminate altered tissue/cells, microorganism, and antigens. This takes place in two phases. 1) The vascular phase, in which small vessels(arterioles, venules) at the site of injury undergo changes. Beginning, with
Two groups of Lister strain of black and white hooded Norwegian rats were used. Young rats, six to eighteen month old, were used due to their rapid and vigorous cellular response. They each had incisions made through the pericranium, skull and dura mater to study bone repair with reduced blood supply to the fracture site. The fracture was created in the cranial vault as cartilage is rare in this site and there minimal mechanical factors are involved. By examining the rats at different intervals during the repair phase Girigs & Pritchard (1958) were able to support the study of Pritchard (1948) that in a healing fracture cartilage is produced due to reduced blood supply. They found that since cartilage is less demanding of oxygen it acts as a temporary bridge between the fracture gap until blood supply is restored Thiymidine was used on forty two, five week old female rats to conduct an autradiographic study the cellular response in fracture repair. Observations of the periosteal index were conducted at several intervals between the period of one hour and fourteen days. The results show cellular proliferation in the periosteum and the adjacent soft tissue as being the initial...
time. The result of this method dried the skin of the body into a leathery
Pressure ulcers are one of the most common problems health care facilities often face which causes pain and discomfort for the patient, cost effective to manage and impacts negatively on the hospital (Pieper, Langemo, & Cuddigan, 2009; Padula et al., 2011). The development of pressure ulcers occur when there is injury to the skin or tissue usually over bony prominences such as the coccyx, sacrum or heels from the increase of pressure and shear. This injury will compromise blood flow and result in ischemia due to lack of oxygen being delivered (Gyawali et al., 2011). Patients such as those who are critically ill or bed bounded are at high risk of developing pressure ulcers (O'Brien et al., 2014).
Maintenance of an appropriate healing environment is also essential throughout the management of diabetic foot ulcers. The choice of dressing is dependent on many factors including presence of infection, amount of exudate and the required frequency of wound bed inspection.
You have been asked to design an oral liquid formulation of ibuprofen for paediatric use.
If two parts of the wound are far away from each other, this will cause the wound to heal a lot longer. Stitches and staples are used on certain wounds as well to make the scarring process heal faster as well. Wounds that are cleaned out quick are able to heal faster as well. I found in my research that being in car accidents can increase your chance of a permanent scar because all of the dirt and bacteria can reopen the wound.
Proactiv is a skin care product created to treat acne and other skin problems. It is a product that is known worldwide. This product was created by two famous dermatologists, Dr. Katie Rodan and Kathy Fields. Proactiv is a three step process to clearer and better skin. Proactiv’s message is to tell us that their product can make all your acne problems go away. The audiences that they want to appeal to are mostly teenagers and those who have acne. Their ads can make teens and people who have acne become hypnotized by their products. What make Proactiv so well known are their advertisements. Proactiv ads use testimonial, plain folk, bandwagon, and transfer propaganda techniques.
Evaluation of the wound related to the nutritional aspect. The best coverage to be used is then chosen.
Electrical stimulation (ES) therapy involves the transfer of electrical current across wound tissue through the two electrodes and uses three types of currents: AC, DC and Pulse DC. According to various studies, electrical stimulation therapy has shown to reduce inflammation, edema, improve wound appearance, cause a faster reduction in wound size by helping to kick start the wound healing process and is cost effective for many patients. It has generated a positive impact on patient’s comfort and convenience. Electrical stimulation therapy has provided numerous beneficial effects in wound healing demonstrated by various studies, however; further research trials are needed in order to prove the effectiveness and benefits of electrical stimulation therapy as it relates to wound healing (Cutting, 2006).
Patients suffering with a chronic wound experience pain from an individualized perspective. Each persons’ pain tolerance varies greatly depending on their current lifestyle, stressors, comorbidities, past experiences, and own DNA factors. (9-10) When meeting a patient either for the first time or at follow-up, the clinician should perform a comprehensive pain assessment. Remember, wound care is not just treating the hole in the patient, rather it is treating the patient as a whole, including - but limited to - their pain.
During the process of scarifying, scars are made by the use of blades, glass, or broken coconut shells. Most herbal doctors—the people who perform the scarring—make incisions carelessly which could possibly lead to infection. In order to make a flat scar, herbal doctors will glide
Our approach in managing wounds was far from being optimal in our own setting. After having read the article of Sibbald et al (1) and assisting to presentations during the first residential week-end, our approach at St. Mary 's Hospital Center 's Family Medicine Clinic must change. We were not classifying wounds as healable, maintenance or non-healable. We were always considering the wounds in our practice as healable despite considering the system 's restraints or the patients ' preferences. In the following lines, I will define and summarize the methods one should use in order to initial management of wounds and how to integrate it better to our site. The first goal we need to set is to determine its ability to heal. In order to ascertain if a wound is healable, maintenance or a non-healable wound.
The medicinal parts are the oil extracted from the trunk wood, the heartwood freed from the sapwood & the bark, and the dried wood.