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About dna fingerprinting
About dna fingerprinting
Gel electrophoresis and agarose lab sample essay
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List of Tables Table2.1. Agarose gel (1%) Table 2.2. (TBE)Tris borate EDTA buffer (10X) Table 2.3. TBE(1X) Table 2.4. Gel Loading dye (6X) Table 2.5. Ethidium Bromide Solution Table 2.6. Allele specific PCR primers Table 2.7. PCR reaction mixture and cycling conditions Table 2.8. PCR reaction mixture Table 2.9. SNP’s PCR(total reaction volume 50µl) Chapter 2:Materials and Methods Materials Table2.1. Agarose gel (1%) Serial no. Ingredient Amount(g/L) 1 Agarose gel 1 2 TBE buffer (1X) 100ml Table 2.2. (TBE)Tris borate EDTA buffer (10X) Serial no Ingredient Amount(g/L) 1 Tris base 54 2 Boric acid 27.5 3 0.5M EDTA 20ml 4 dH2O Upto 500ml Table 2.3. TBE(1X) Serial no Ingredient Amount(ml/L) 1 10X TBE 100 2 dH2O 900ml Table 2.4. Gel Loading dye (6X) Serial no Ingredient Amount 1 Bromo phenol Blue 0.025g 2 Xylene Cyanol 0.025g 3 Glycerol 3ml 4 dH2O 7ml Total 10ml Table 2.5. Ethidium Bromide Solution Serial no Ingredient Amount 1 Ethidium Bromide 10mg 2 dH2O 1ml Table 2.6. Allele specific PCR primers і)rs9818870 Sr no. Primer Sequence dbSNP Base pair position Tm Ta Product 1 F1.3 5'--- GCT GCTTGGTGCCTCTCTGATAC---3' C/T 61.5 61.2 667bp 2 F2.3 5'--- GCTGCTTGGTGCCTCTCTGATAT ---3' C/T 60.4 61.2 667bp 3 R3 5'--- CGAGGTAGGAACACAGCACA ---3' C/T 58.2 61.2 667bp ii)rs2258287 Sr no. Primer Sequence dbSNP Base pair position Tm Ta Product 1 F1.11 5'--- CGTCATGAAGGAGGCTTGATAACG ---3' G/T 58.8 578bp 2 F2.11 5'--- CGTCATGAAGGAGGCTTGATAACT ---3' G/T 57.6 59.4 578bp 3 R11 5'--- ACTGCTCTTGGCAACAACCT---3' G/T 58.2 578bp Table 2.7. PCR reaction mixture and cycling conditions і) .Gradient PCR Serial no. Chemicals Stock Conc. Wor... ... middle of paper ... ... that it may not damage the casting tray. The gel was poured into a gel casting tray and the comb was inserted.The gel was allowed to solidify for about half an hour. The comb was removed and the tray was placed into the gel apparatus. The sample was prepared by mixing DNA sample with the loading dye in 3:1 ratio (e.g.3 µl of DNA sample was mixed with 1 µl of loading dye). The samples were loaded into the wells carefully by releasing the sample at the bottom of the well but vigilantly not to tear off the well. Power was set at 100 or 80V for Genomic DNA and PCR products respectively and the gel was run until the dye reaches two third of the gel. The power supply was turned off and the gel was placed into a staining solution for 15 minutes (5µl of ethidium bromide per 100ml water).The gel was observed under UV light to see the location and intensity of the DNA bands.
When the PCR technique is completed, the tubes are stored at 4°C until analysis of the tubes. To analyze the PCR results with the gel electrophorese, 2.5ul of the 10x loading dye is added to each PCR reaction tube. The gel for the electrophorese consists of 1.5% agarose gel with 0.5x TBE and 200ng/ml ethidium. bromide. The sand is a sand.
The given DNA ladder sample and each individual ligation samples were run on 40ml of 0.8% agarose in 1x TAE buffer for approximately sixty minutes at 110V. The appropriate volume of 6x GelRed track dye was used after it was diluted to a final concentration of 1x and incubated for thirty minutes. Finally, the gel was illuminated under UV light and analyzed.
. DNA can be left or collected from the hair, saliva, blood, mucus, semen, urine, fecal matter, and even the bones. DNA analysis has been the most recent technique employed by the forensic science community to identify a suspect or victim since the use of fingerprinting. Moreover, since the introduction of this new technique it has been a large number of individuals released or convicted of crimes based on DNA left at the crime sceneDNA is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the genetic material found in cells of all living organisms. Human beings contain approximately one trillion cells (Aronson 9). DNA is a long strand in the shape of a double helix made up of small building blocks (Riley). There are four types of building
Many things have impacted both the Science and Medical fields of study. Electrophoresis and DNA Sequencing are two of these things. Together they have simultaneously impacted both of these fields. On one hand, there is Electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is a specific method of separating molecules by their size through the application of an electric field. It causes molecules to migrate at a rate and distance dependent on their size. On the other hand, there is DNA Sequencing. DNA Sequencing is a technique used to determine the exact sequence of bases
High school students across the world hate Gene, the character that they are forced to read about, in a book they didn’t want to read. Gene is generally thought of as the despicable human being that ruined his friend’s life. It is easy to write Gene off as a one dimensional character who is only concerned about himself. This common misconception is proved to be false after a deeper analysis of Gene’s character. Gene’s character is more complex than his exterior actions portray. In reality, Gene’s inner “evil” represents a part of human nature, which most people are unwilling to look at in themselves. Gene’s actions throughout the book should not be written off only because Gene is a terrible person. The motivation for Gene’s actions might not
The two modes of analysis that will be used to identify an unknown insert piece of DNA would be plating the transformation cells onto LA plates that have either ampicillin or chloramphenicol and PCR. We will use the PCR thermocycler to denature the restriction enzymes that were specifically used to assimilate the vector DNA. It is important to use the PCR thermocycler because denaturation of the restriction enzyme will prevent the restriction enzyme from cutting the vector DNA, after the insert DNA has assimilated to the vector DNA. After the addition of specific primers that complement the base pair to its corresponding target strand, PCR will be used. Subsequently, Taq polymerase will be used to determine whether the insert DNA has been properly assimilated to the vector DNA. Within this specific situation, the target strand will be the insert DNA. After we let the PCR thermocycler run for approximately 2 ½ hours, we will then put our PCR products in the gel and run the gel to completion. After the gel has run to completion, we will then take a photograph of the gel using the UV transilluminator with the assistance of our TA. If the insert DNA was properly assimilated to the vector DNA, then our corresponding gel photo would have one band. After the cells have been transformed, we would g...
States. The FBI performs testing for free to all police agencies to help keep costs down
Deoxyribonucleic acid also known as the term we all use today DNA, has increased the chances of catching criminal behavior brought out on a crime more efficiently and accurately then ways that were used before the 1980s.DNA not only was used in crimes but also used to figure out biological factors such as the relationship between parents, children and siblings. Although DNA testing could be more accurately obtained with a higher certainty level in crime then an eye witness or confession. Is it against the US Constitution to obtain samples from those who are already in custody? This question rests in the decision of our US Supreme Court whether or not it is against a person’s right to legally take their DNA without consent
DNA fingerprinting, or sometimes known as DNA typing, is isolating and developing images of sequences of DNA to evaluate the DNA in an individual’s cells. DNA fingerprinting today is used for many different things in many different areas of science. In forensic science, DNA typing can determine which person did which crime by using blood or skin left at a crime scene. In medical science, patients can find out who their siblings, parents, or children are by using DNA fingerprinting (webmd).
Tsou, J. A., Hagen, J. A., Carpenter, C. L., & Laird-Offringa, I. A. (2002, August 05). DNA
DNA profiling is used in a variety of ways, such as establishing proof of paternity, or identifying siblings. While DNA contains material common to all humans, some portions are unique to each individual; thus, DNA testing can help solve crimes by comparing the DNA profiles of suspects to offender samples.
DNA testing has been the center of attention in many criminal justice cases. The United States corrections centers have utilized the DNA testing process. Seventeen death row inmates have been exonerated by the use of these tests. Earl Washington was convicted of rape and murder in 1984. Although he confessed to the rape, he was also diagnosed as being mentally retarded. In October of 2000 Mr., Washington was given a DNA test and was excluded as the rapist and murderer. The Virginia Governor pardoned Mr. Washington after he had served 16 years in prison with 14 of them being on death row (ACLU, 2011). DNA testing has become the rule rather than the exception; but what happens with the DNA after a person has been acquitted, dismissed, or exonerated. Where does DNA go to die or does it? Is the DNA destroyed, or is it retained in miscellaneous databanks for further retrieval and use? In 2010, the United States Congress began a campaign designed to encourage the states to require DNA to be taken from suspects whether they had been charged with a crime or not. In the case of S. and Marper v the United Kingdom found that the retention of the applicants' fingerprints, cellular samples and DNA profiles was in violation of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Is creating a policy in the United States that demand DNA from suspects helps in finding subsequent criminals or is it just leading to a track and trace policy?
Before the 1980s, courts relied on testimony and eyewitness accounts as a main source of evidence. Notoriously unreliable, these techniques have since faded away to the stunning reliability of DNA forensics. In 1984, British geneticist Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester discovered an interesting new marker in the human genome. Most DNA information is the same in every human, but the junk code between genes is unique to every person. Junk DNA used for investigative purposes can be found in blood, saliva, perspiration, sexual fluid, skin tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, and hair follicles (Butler, 2011). By analyzing this junk code, Jeffreys found certain sequences of 10 to 100 base pairs repeated multiple times. These tandem repeats are also the same for all people, but the number of repetitions is highly variable. Before this discovery, a drop of blood at a crime scene could only reveal a person’s blood type, plus a few proteins unique to certain people. Now DNA forensics can expose a person’s gender, race, susceptibility to diseases, and even propensity for high aggression or drug abuse (Butler, 2011). More importantly, the certainty of DNA evidence is extremely powerful in court. Astounded at this technology’s almost perfect accuracy, the FBI changed the name of its Serology Unit to the DNA Analysis Unit in 1988 when they began accepting requests for DNA comparisons (Using DNA to Solve Crimes, 2014).
Caplan M. Geralyn. DNA Isolation Lab. Owensboro Community & Technical College, n.d. Web. 5 April 2014.
DNA profiling has been one of the biggest advances in technology and science in the 20th century due to its efficiency in the identification of individuals. It is commonly used by forensics scientist for identification of suspects or individuals in crime scenes. DNA profiling as it is today, was developed by two independent studies in molecular biology that occur during the same period of time, in two different places, and by two different scientists. In 1985, Alec Jeffreys developed a technique called DNA fingerprinting, which has been known as DNA profiling. And Kary Mullis invented the polymerase chain reaction which is a biochemical technology in molecular biology used to amplify one single sample of DNA across many orders of magnitude generating millions of copies of an specific DNA sample.