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Application of physics principles in ultrasound
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Principles of Physics in Ultrasound
Physics has become an important part of medicine allowing specialist
doctors and radiographers to rapidly access a patient’s condition and
to help in long-term diagnosis.
This enables doctor’s to treat patients before their condition
deteriorates.
This procedure would not be possible without the use of X-rays, CAT
scans, MRI scans, ultrasound and endoscopes, which allow doctors to
see inside the body with little or no surgery.
Without such equipment doctors would be forced to use invasive
techniques, which could cause patients more harm as it increases the
risk of infection.
A sound or ultrasound wave consists of a mechanical disturbance of a
medium (gas, liquid or solid) which passes through the medium at a
fixed speed.
Sound waves consist of a disturbance of air molecules, the vibrations
which pass from molecule to molecules from the speaker to the ear of
the listener.
The rate at which particles in the medium vibrate in the disturbance
is the frequency or pitch of the sound measured in hertz
(cycles/sound).
As the pitch increases there comes a frequency at about 20kHz when the
sound is no longer audible and above the frequency disturbance, this
is know as ultrasound.
The first major breakthrough in the evolution of high frequency
echo-sounding techniques came when the piezo-electric effect in
certain crystals was discovered by Pierre and Jacques Curie in Paris
in 1880.
The turn of the century saw the invention of the Diode (component that
restricts the direction of movement, allows an electric current to
flow in one direction) and the Triode (type of vacu...
... middle of paper ...
... abnormalities of blood vessels such as
aneurysms
It can help to look for blockages of blood flow in blood vessels, such
as a deep vein thrombosis, abnormalities of the heart valves or other
heart structures (this type of examination is called echocardiography)
Without the use of physics the medical equipment, such as X-rays,
ultrasounds and endoscopes, would not exist.
This would cause diagnosis of patients to be a long and complex
procedure.
This equipment has revolutionised medical practise and will continue
doing so for years to come.
References
http://www.nelh.nhs.uk/screening/fasp/history.htm.
Physics for medical imaging, RF Farr and PJ Allisy Roberts.
Basic physics for medical imaging, Edwin GA Aird.
Physics and Instrumentation of Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound, Peter
Fish.
waves were reflected back to the transducer as they crossed interfaces of different acoustic impedance. More simply, the ultrasound bounced off the
Ultrasound is a key modality in the diagnosis of many tumours arising in soft tissues in the medical discipline of oncology. The following pages will outline some of the key features of malignancies and how they relate to ultrasound and diagnosis of cancer. Included also is a specific examination of ultrasound in the case of an adrenocortical carcinoma, pictured below.
The dream that I most desire in life is to become a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer. I’ve always had an interest in the inner workings of the human body, but I also value life, and care for others, and my happiness is the happiness of others. Although this career has its bumps on the road just to see mothers face light up when they see the image of their unborn baby is such a breath taking experience. This all originated from going to one of my sisters’ ultrasound appointment that I ended up going to all my sisters’ ultrasound appointments. I believe becoming a diagnostic medical sonographer is something I can do because I have what it takes. Diagnostic medical sonographer is imaging modality that can work in conjunction with other imaging modalities
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Ultrasound is one of the most vital inventions in women health care. The advancement of wave technology throughout history formed the basis for the ultrasound. Ultrasound history is embedded in innovations on wave technology (Woo, 2015). Earlier designs of ultrasonic devices were not in the field of medicine until in the 1950s (Woo, 2015). Even then, the devices were employed for therapy before they were improved and used for diagnosis.
Medicine and electronics are rapidly becoming a common partnership. Electronics and medicine has been around for over a hundred years. This application can be seen in early X-ray machines, as well as early doctors and healers who felt that electricity possessed something special that assisted the healing process of many illnesses and injuries. But it has not been the last forty to fifty years that the development and refinement of electricity as medical agent has occurred. Today the medical field can not imagine itself without the assistance of electricity and electronic components.
As an ultrasound technician/sonographer I will have the ability to see dangerous defects within the human anatomy and begin a lifelong profession with many benefits. The Ultrasound was first invented in the early 1900’s and was surprisingly not used to produce photos of a fetus. In 1917 Paul Langen a marine life scientist used a form of ultrasound equipment in his attempt to detect submarines. After many failed attempts at using high frequency sound waves Dr. Ian Donald and his team in Glasgow, Scotland invented the first ultrasound machine in 1957. Dr. Donald even tested his machine on patients within a year of completing the invention, by the late 1950’s ultrasounds became routine in Glasgow hospitals.
One of the most recently new advances in radiology is the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI has been around for the past century. It was at first called Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and then it changed to MRI once there was an available image. Walter Gerlach and Otto Stern were the first scientists to start experimenting with the magnetic imaging. Their very first experiment was looking at the magnetic moments of silver by using some type of x-ray beam. The scientists then discovered this was by realizing that the magnetic force in the equipment and in the object itself. In 1975, the first image was finally created using and MRI machine. The scientists used a Fourier Transformation machine to reconstruct images into 2D. The first images ever use diagnostically was in 1980. This is when hospitals began to use them. At first the images took hours to develop and were only used on the patients that needed it most. Even though MRI has been around for a long time, it has advanced and has been one of the best imaging modalities recently (Geva, 2006).
While visiting the Grand Canyons, you couldn’t honestly tell me that you didn’t scream into the canyon just to hear your echo come back to you. Don’t be ashamed, we all do it. Many kinds of animals actually use their echo to find out where they are in a closed area or to find out if there are any other animals close by. One classic example is the bat.
Without the use of physics in the medical field today, diagnosis of problems would be challenging, to say the least. The world of medical imaging in particular has benefited greatly from the use of physics.
Ever since I was a young girl, I’ve always known that I wanted to be in a career that involved helping people. I believe that entering a career as a Diagnostic Ultrasound Technician will help me fulfill my desire to help others. I have come to realize the great importance that early detection plays in the medical field. Early detection is key to fixing a problem before it gets worse.It would be extremely fulfilling to have a career that may potentially stop a small health issue from becoming a life-threatening illness. Being an Ultrasound Technician and performing diagnostic sonograms will help me to detect any medical issues a patient might be unaware of so that a physician can properly diagnose and treat the patient early and effectively.
Ultrasounds have been a part of the medical world since the 1940s. The affects of acoustic vibrations on the body were studied as early as the 6th century. Then, ultrasound gained widespread acceptance as a therapeutic trea...
Radioisotopes have helped create advanced imaging techniques. Beforehand, X rays could only provide so much information such as broken bones, abnormal growths, and locating foreign objects in the body. Now it is possible to obtain much more information from medical imaging. Not only can this advanced imaging give imaging of tiny structures in the body, but it can also provide details such as cancerous cells and damaged heart tissue from a heart...
A widely debated on topic, The Law of Attraction is the concept that you attract the things that enter and leave your life. It's the idea that you ultimately are in charge of what happens in your life, both positive and negative.
Produced sound from speakers has become so common and integrated in our daily lives it is often taken for granted. Living with inventions such as televisions, phones and radios, chances are you rarely ever have days with nothing but natural sounds. Yet, few people know the physics involved in the technology that allows us to listen to music in our living room although the band is miles away. This article will investigate and explain the physics and mechanism behind loudspeakers – both electromagnetic and electrostatic.