Galvanic (Voltaic) cell
A galvanic cell is the supply of direct current (DC) consists of two half-cells. These two half-cells are physically separated. Each half-cell consists of an electrode that is conductive metal or graphite strip in contact with an electrolyte solution. Those solutions are joined by a salt bridge containing an electrolytic solution like Potassium Nitrate (KNO3). The salt bridge completes the circuit and permits ions to travels between two half-cell.
The electrode where the oxidation reaction (Loss of electrons) takes place is termed the anode. As electrons are released by oxidation, the terminal of the anode is marked negative (-). The electrode where reduction reaction takes place is termed the cathode. As a result of the cathode accepting electrons the reduction reaction (Gain of electrons) is presented, the terminal of the cathode is marked positive (+).
Mn+ (oxidized agent) + n e− → M (reduced agent)
Although oxidation-reduction reactions, also known as Redox reaction, occur simultaneously in galvanic cell to produce electricity. It's more convenient to think about the oxidation and reduction processes separately. The two half-reactions are represented by two half-equations, one for the oxidation reaction and another is the reduction reaction. The quantity of electrons transferred in each direction should be an equivalent, therefore the two half-cells are combined to grant the whole-cell electrochemical reaction.
Example of Oxidation- Reduction (Redox) reaction:
The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
The zinc losses electrons and is oxidized to form zinc ions
Oxidation: Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e-
And the hydrogen ions from the hydr...
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1. Felicia Dye, what is a Silver-oxide battery? Edited by C. Wilborn, 2003-2011 Conjecture Corporation ,Acceded on 12/11/2011
2. Tower Hobbies®,Batteries-Dry cell prize list ,Acceded on 13/11/2011
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Book
1. Debbie Irwin, Ross Farrelly, Deborah Vitlin & Patrick Garnett, reprinted 2003, Chemistry Contexts 2, Pearson Education Australia Pty Limited, PP. 74-76.
Kim, Taewoo, Trey L Arnold, Kyle A Leland, Aimee M Morey, Department of Chemistry, USAF Academy, CO 80840
Physical Chemistry Laboratory Manual, Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Spring 2006.
Electrochemistry is a large branch in the disciplines of chemistry. Within electrochemistry, cyclic voltammetry is a method in which compounds undergo reduction and oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) offers methods in acquiring kinetic information, synthesis, mechanisms, and quantitative information about a species, reactions, or a compound. Cyclic voltammetry offers methods in
Staudt, Maureen, and Michael Stranz, eds. General Chemistry for Engineering and Science II. Mason,Ohio: Cengage Learning, 2012. Print.
Mckervey, M. A.; Tuladhar, S. M.; Twohig, M. F. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., 1984, 129.
David and John Free. (26 Nov 2006). MadSci Network: Chemistry. Retrieved on March 6, 2011, from http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2007-02/1171045656.Ch.r.html
This specific lab will focus on the two main variants of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: flame AA spectroscopy, and spectroscopy using a graphite furnace. The lab will also introduce and teach how to deal with both systematic and random error when using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.
Sootin, Harry, and Gustav Schrotter.Robert Boyle : founder of modern chemistry. New York: F. Watts, 1962. Print.
This chemistry book report is focus on a book called “Napoleon's buttons: How 17 molecules changed history” by Penny Le Couteur and Jay Burreson. The publisher of this book is Tarcher Putnam, the book was published in Canada on 2003 with 17 chapters (hey the number match the title of the book!) and a total of 378 pages. The genre of this book is nonfiction. “Napoleon's Buttons” contain a fascinating story of seventeen groups of molecules that have greatly changed the course of history and continuing affect the world we live in today. It also reveal the astonishing chemical connection among some unrelated events, for example: Chemistry caused New Amsterdamers to be renamed New Yorkers and one little accident of detonating cotton apron in a minor housekeeping mishap lead to the development of modern explosives and the founding of the movie industry.
The chemistry aspects provided in the book was very detailed but there were some information lacking in the historical aspects of the book. The authors’ were also quick to conclude on how certain molecules were the sole factor responsible for the historical events. Although there are flaws in the book, this book is still an interesting read. The book is strongly recommended to the general public as it is able to provide to them a basic general understanding of chemistry and allows them to gain new knowledge and great insights into chemistry.
A battery is a device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. A battery usually consists of two or more cells connected in series or parallel, you can also have a single cell battery. All cells consist of a positive electrode, and a negative electrode. An electrolyte is a liquid substance capable of conducting electricity. In this substance one of the electrodes will react producing electrons, while the other will except electrons. When the electrodes are connected to a device to be powered, called a load, an electrical current flows.
We thank the University of Oklahoma and the chemistry faculty for providing the space, instructions, and equipment for the development of this report and experiment.
The complete experimental procedure is available in the General Chemistry Laboratory Manual for CSU Bakersfield, CHEM 213, pages 20-22, 24-25. Experimental data are recorded on the attached data pages.
23. S. Alwarappan, S. Boyapalle, A. Kumar, C.-Z. Li and S. Mohapatra, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2012, 116, 6556–6559
Plontke, R. (2003, March 13). Chemnitz UT. TU Chemnitz: - Technische Universität Chemnitz. Retrieved April 1, 2014, from http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/en/