Retailers conduct business to make a profit. To realize a profit, they need to sell their products at pricing levels set above individual item costs. Furthermore, to sell their merchandise, they also need to attract customers who are willing to pay their established prices. However, customers are very price sensitive. In fact, price is often the largest component of a customer’s purchasing decision, since it determines value in the mind of the customer. Therefore, while retailers want to maximize profit by maximizing product prices, customers want to maximize value by paying reasonable prices. Therein lies the challenge for retailers. They need to set product prices that drive profits yet offer value in order to attract customers.
Urbany, J.E. (2001). Justifying Profitable Pricing, Journal of Product & Brand Management, 10(3), p. 141–159
Pricing is an important aspect of every business. Chief Financial Officer’s (CFO) use pricing to create financial projections, establish a break-even point, and calculate profit and loss margins (Power Point, 2005). It is the only element in the marketing mix that produces revenue. Price is also one of the most flexible elements of the marketing mix as it can be changed very quickly. This is usually done to beat competitor prices in an attempt to fix the product’s market value position very low (Anderson & Bailey, 1998). After all, high prices make it difficult to become the market share leader. The leading US retailer, Wal-Mart, is an expert at low product pricing as evident in 2004 with $250 billion dollars in sales to their 138 million weekly shoppers. However, they are also responsible for reducing prices so low that it drives specialty stores out of business. This is the effect Wal-mart has had on many toy stores and has almost closed the doors of the famous toy store Toys “R” Us Inc.
Without a sale price, there is nothing to compare a retail price to. In a market where the consumers do not know how to value goods, they look to the prices and products around them. Their valuation of the products being sold is therefore relative to the other prices surrounding them. When J.C. Penney switched to everyday low prices, they ensured that their low priced products would be surrounded by other low priced products at all times. Ariely argues that this is what made Johnson’s business model for J.C. Penney a bad business model. Consumers in J.C. Penney would see the low prices being offered, but they would be surrounded by other low prices. This meant that when they attempted to value the products in front of them, the low price effect was mitigated. The prices instead felt normal, because everything was priced low. Furthermore, this effect would be worsened once shoppers were
"Flanking in a Price War" discusses some of the strategies utilized by retail grocery chains, wholesalers, and co-operatives within the Quebec Grocery Industry. Pricing strategies are the main focus of this article. It outlines both successful and non-successful pricing tactics. In addition, it emphasizes the importance of considering all pricing options, through price experiments, before deciding upon a pricing strategy.
Why is this important? It’s important because businesses are using some pretty complex means to set a pricing strategy that captures all shoppers and all pricing options. Ms. Wicker ma...
Consumer can benefit in cheaper goods, when presented with two products that offer similar benefits, customers vote with their purchases and decide which product will survive. Customers also determine the ultimate price point for a product, which requires producers to set product prices high enough to make a profit, but not so high that customers will hesitate to make a purchase.
As we know, there are a lot of business types in the world. Each of the businesses has their own strategies to survive in this competitive business world. Economically, price discrimination is usually regarded as desirable, since it often increases the efficiency of an economy. In contrast, it often arouses strong opposition from a public. Like in this particular case, which is online price discrimination, a majority of consumers think that this kind of discrimination is illegal. Generally, discrimination has a very negative implication in our society, and various forms of it, which those based on age, gender, race and religion, are illegal. However, price discrimination is a pricing strategy that is widespread in the economy and to avoid negative
Introduction
The following paper analyzes the initial release of Microsoft's XBOX 360 gaming system release into the United States and the changes that occurred with the supply, demand and pricing of the product in the months following its release. The social science of economics tells us that supply, demand and price are closely related to one another and have a significant on how much of a particular good is purchased and the rate at which it is purchased by consumers. The XBOX 360 phenomenon is a solid example of the impact that changes in supply, demand and price have on the marketplace and the rate at which goods are purchased.
Supply and Demand and Price
The law of demand tells us that "Quantity demanded rises as price falls, other things constant, or alternatively, quantity demanded falls as price rises, other things constant (McGraw 2004).
Pricing strategies are those activities whose main focus is to determine the optimum price of a product (Suttle 2014). Commonly, companies will adjust their main price to accommodate the variations in their customers, products, locations, etc. Price discrimination is evident when a product or service is sold at multiple prices that do not reflect a relative difference in costs (Wolla 2014). There are three degrees of price discrimination: first, second, and third-degree price discrimination. In first-degree price discrimination, price depends on the intensity of the customer’s demand. This kind of discrimination is most common at car dealerships where the salesman tries to set a price that will optimize his producer’s surplus. In second-degree price discrimination, price depends on volume—lower price to buyers who purchase at greater volumes. Examples of this can be seen in bundle packages where a seller charges a lower price for a related group of products that would be more expensive if bought separately. In third-degree price discrimination, the seller charges different amounts to different classes of buyers (Bhasin 2013). This kind of discrimination is evident in the Amusement parks industry which is a highly concentrated industry with an extensive assortment of pricing strategies.