Early detection of certain diseases, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD), and which incorporates approaches that implement lifestyle changes, medication, and counseling, has the potential to alter the course of the devastation the disease can cause (Murimi & Harpel, 2010). The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends regular examination of obesity and health-related issues, such as cardiovascular screenings for everyone (Murimi & Harpel, 2010). Documented research demonstrates that a healthy lifestyle that includes a proper diet, exercise, no smoking, and limited alcohol decreases the risk of CVD (Gordon, Lavoie, Arsenault, Ditto, & Bacon, 2008).
Kehler, Christensen, Risor, Lauritzen, and Christensen (2009) reported that patients who had a discussion with their doctor about cardiovascular disease including information about the disease, knowledge about the disease, and perception of risk and prevention strategies indicated that they were able to incorporate healthy lifestyle changes into their diet. Many respondents reported feeling relief and empowerment following the conversation with their doctor (Kehler et al., 2009).
Lifestyle changes suggested for a client could include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, engaging in a heart healthy diet, exercising, losing weight, taking medication as prescribed, and finding ways to relieve stress. Lack of compliance related to the identified lifestyle changes is an issue. Sargeant, Valli, Ferrier and MacLeod (2008) suggest that it is very difficult for individuals to change comfortable and enjoyable behaviors in which they have been engaged their entire lives. There are many reasons clients do not comply, and finding ways to facilitate compliance is a key role o...
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...08). Health behaviors and endothelial function. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(1), 5-21. doi:10.1007/s10865-007-9129-0
Kehler, D., Christensen, M. B., Risor, M. B., Lauritzen, T., & Christensen, B. (2009). Self-reported cognitive and emotional effects and lifestyle changes shortly after preventive cardiovascular consultations in general practice. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 27(2), 104-110. doi:10.1080/02813430902793563
Murimi, M. W., & Harpel, T. (2010). Practicing preventive health: The underlying culture among low-income rural populations. The Journal of Rural Health, 26(3), 273-282. doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.2010.00289.x
Sargeant, J., Valli, M., Ferrier, S., & MacLeod, H. (2008). Lifestyle counseling in primary care: Opportunities and challenges for changing practice. Medical Teacher, 30(2), 185-191. doi:10.1080/01421590701802281
The definition of motivational interviewing (MI) has evolved and been refined since the first publications on its use as a way to deal with behaviour change. The technical therapeutic definition of motivational interviewing is a collaborative, and goal oriented method of communication with giving specific observation to the language of change. It is intended to reinforce an individual’s motivation for and development towards a particular objective by evoking and investigating the individual's own arguments for change (Miller & Rollnick, 2012). Motivational interviewing was created to enable clients to prepare for changing addictive behaviours like drug and alcohol abuse (Miller & Rollnick, 1991, 2002) and has been viable to lessen other harmful behaviours including tobacco, drugs, alcohol, gambling, treatment
What is Motivational Interviewing? Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change health behavior by exploring and resolving ambivalence. What will be discussed is how can organizations help the patients change negative behavior to a positive behavioral change, diminishing the lack of motivational behavior. (Miller & Rollnick, 2002) states that we have to help clients overcome their ambivalence or lack of motivation toward changing their behavior in positive way. Also, figuring out a solution on how to overcome this negative behavioral challenge of lack of intrinsic motivation to change. How will we overcome it? by focusing on the MI (Motivational Interviewing) approach, and finding
Without the proper resources, support, and access to healthier options, it becomes challenging for even the most determined person to make a change. The exercise made it evident that Jane would be more successful in her endeavour to lower her blood pressure than Joe would, because of the resources, support, and access than her higher economic status afford her. Sadly, as a result of such an unequal wealth distribution in America, many people are in Joe’s shoes; despite the desire to be healthier, they are unable to control their circumstances and surroundings or get the proper support to help them successfully improve their unhealthy habits or
A of his current state of health and lifestyle behaviours (Harris, Nutbeam, Wise, 2004). For example, the model explores 6 behavioural stages; pre-contemplation, contemplation, determination, action, maintenance and termination. These stages focus on the individual’s experience, behavioural changes and processes as opposed to an event which has determined a behaviour change. Evidently, the transtheoretical model determines that Mr. A is at the pre-contemplation stage (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Due to Mr. A experiencing this stage, he is not planning change to his current lifestyle choices. Although Mr. A is not planning changes in the foreseeable future, the transtheoretical model in conjunction with an education campaign can inform Mr. A about different behavioural stages that he may experience. However, understanding this behaviour change model of health cannot determine why Mr. A’s his current lifestyle and behaviour (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). Fortunately, inclusion of maslow’s hierarchy of needs psychology theory (Donovan, Egger, Spark, 2005) used in conjunction with the transtheoretical model of health, can identify barriers that are stopping Mr A from actively using information from health education campaigns to change his behaviour (Harris, Nutbeam, Wise,
This effort is part of Closing the Gap: Take Steps to Learn about Heart disease, an awareness campaign from The American Heart Association aimed at helping African Americans adults between ages of 40-50 to learn about heart disease prevention. Seminars will provide strategies related to improving nutrition and increasing physical activity to initiate and reinforce lifestyle changes. Participants will be provided with a Simply 7 steps guide book that enrolled in the seminars. Closing the Gap Week is an opportunity for the African American community to learn about Heart disease risk factors and the steps that can be taken to reduce their risk for this deadly disease. Heart disease is caused by physical inactivity, poor eating habits, high blood pressure
Currently, I am a Practice Quality Support Coordinator and one of my roles is assisting practices in locating and outreaching to patients that need preventative services performed, such as a mammogram, colonoscopy, or follow up for patients with high blood pressure. By ensuring patients acquire these services, we can detect health conditions earlier, prevent trips to the emergency room, save money, and most importantly save lives. I am passionate about focusing on preventative care and encouraging a healthy lifestyle to each one of my patients. I have personally seen the power of exercise and a healthy diet in my brother’s life. Playing football and other forms of exercise has stabilized his blood sugars and led to a reduction in the amount of insulin he needs. I want to be involved in the education for newly diagnosed patients, as well as the management of their disease in everyday life.
Given the magnitude of health costs, both financial and in terms of human suffering, it is essential that preventive interventions be developed and/or enhanced. Nurses, physicians, and other helping professionals are in a good position, by virtue of their training, to add to such preventive efforts. Health is defined as a condition of physical, mental, and social well being and the absence of disease or other abnormal condition. It is not a static condition; constant change and adaptation to stress result in homeostasis (Mosby's Medical and Nursing Dictionary, 1994 p. 742). The fact that we can improve our health and extend our lives by changing our behaviors (i.e., eating well, exercising, not smoking, and reducing stress) supports the incorporation of health education, and prevention programs into a broad variety of settings.
This section discusses health psychology and behavioral medicine, making positive life changes, resources for effective life change, controlling stress, behaving, and your good life. Health psychology emphasizes psychology’s role in establishing and maintaining health and preventing and treating illness. It reflects the belief that lifestyle choices, behaviors, and psychological characteristics can play important roles in health. The mind is responsible for much of what happens in the body, it is not the only factor, the body may influence the mind as well. Making positive life changes include health behaviors- practices that have an impact on physical well being. The stages of change model describes the process by which individuals give up bad habits and adopt healthier lifestyles. The model has five stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation/ determination, action/ willpower, and
According to the Healthy People Database, in 2010 the aging population was estimated at 40 million, this number is expected rise to nearly 70 million by the year 2030 (National Center for Health Statistics, 2000). At the forefront of health concerns for this aging population will be the intervention, management and treatment of chronic diseases. This increase in both this specific population as well as the required medical care will place a significant amount of stress on an already distressed healthcare system, which in turn will affect the availability of recourses and costs. Including patients in their self care with strategic health promotion such as encouragement and education geared towards specific socioeconomic groups will be more cost effective and beneficial in the management of chronic disease. Studies indicate that patients involved in self management of disease processes often have better patient outcomes.
As a result of the importance placed on preventive services there is no shortage of studies examining preventive service utilization among various groups. Many studies have examined the factors affecting preventive service use with the most important including age5,6, race/ethnicity7-10, marital status11, and income. 6-8,11-13 The literature has documented disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status in use of preventive services and shown that minorities are generally not as likely as Whites to receive services such as blood pressure checks, cervical cancer screening, and blood cholesterol screening. 14 Other studies have looked at the effects of education 9,15,16, usual source of care 15, and insurance 17-20 on the utilization of preventive services. While still other studies have sought to explore the role of health status 15, health beliefs 19, region of United States and whether a person lives in an urban or rural environment. 8
The goal is to help a person to achieve a condition of complete physical, social and mental prosperity and it includes an individual having the capacity to recognize and acknowledge goals, fulfill needs and changing with the environment (SlideShare, 2015). In this scenario, client 's health can be improved by promoting healthy living (better diet, more physical activity) and educating her to make more healthier choices. By letting the client know and creating awareness about preventive health services, for example breast
Many individuals may feel as if they have lost control of their everyday routines, or are somewhat defeated when following treatments programmes and not being able to see an improvement in health. Recently healthcare professionals recognized that if they provide patients with well-defined, straightforward information and knowledge about their illness, it could encourage people to take more of an involved role in managing their condition, such as setting achievable goals, or becoming better practiced at monitoring and managing insulin levels. Thi...
The study compared two groups, those receiving intensive education and those with limited counseling regarding their disease. The authors concluded that the patients who received in depth information about their disease were more motivated to maintain a healthy life-style and thus improve outcomes. The importance of this research to my position is to continue to give in-depth educational information about patient disease, risk factors, and to involve them in controlling their health since motivation is a key factor in achieving improved
Behavior is an important keyword when discussing health promotion theories because lifestyle modification requires a change in beliefs and attitude. Many health promotion theories explain how behavior can enhance or deter a patients progress in health related activities. Nola Pender, a nursing theorist and educator, has developed the Health Promotion Model (HPM). The three main parts of the HPM ar...
Primary prevention are means necessary to prevent health problems before they occur, and it involves health promotion. The purpose of primary prevention is to reduce an individual’s susceptibility to an illness by strengthening the individual’s capacity to withstand physical, emotional, and environmental stressors (Harkness & Demarco, 2016). Examples of primary prevention for obesity include education about proper diet and exercise before someone becomes obese. Another example is to educate people about the potential health risks of obesity (Lundy & Janes, 2001). Secondary prevention addresses pathology, and is aimed at early detection through diagnosis (Harkness & Demarco, 2016). This level of prevention focuses on identifying groups of individuals who have early symptoms of disease or condition so that they can receive prompt treatment. Examples of secondary prevention for health consequences of obesity include: blood pressure screenings and blood sugar testing (Lundy & Janes, 2001). Tertiary prevention consists of activities designed around rehabilitation. This level of prevention has a goal to restore the individual back to his/her optimal level of functioning. Examples of tertiary prevention include: regular exercise and healthy eating patterns for individuals with obesity, hypertension and diabetes (Lundy & Janes,