President Harry S. Truman's Executive Order 9981
On July 26, 1948, President Harry S. Truman orders the desegregation of the Armed Forces by Executive Order 9981.
Prior to Harry Truman passing the Executive Order 9981 on
February 2, 1948 he asked Congress to create a permanent
FEPC, and in December 1946, he appointed a distinguished panel to serve as the President's Commission on Civil
Rights, which would recommend "more adequate means and procedures for the protection of the civil rights of the people of the United States." The Commission noted the many restrictions on blacks, and urged that each person, regardless of race, color or national origin, should have access to equal opportunity in securing education, decent housing and jobs. Harry Truman sent a special message to
Congress on February 2, 1948 calling for prompt implementation of the Commission's recommendations.
Southerners were unhappy with that idea and “immediately threatened a filibuster”, so Truman, unable to secure action from the Congress had no choice but to move ahead using his executive authority. Critics on Capitol Hill easily stopped his proposals.
Some historians believe President Truman had hoped to unite the Democratic Party by promising civil rights to African Americans, but not pushing so fast as to alienate segregationists. Southern Democrats formed the Dixiecrat Party and nominated South Carolina
Governor Strom Thurmond for president.
President Truman’s Executive Board was the beginning step for further integration in the Armed Forces. Following
President Truman's Executive Order, two boards were established to make recommendations about integration. A presidential commission chaired by Charles Fahy recommended an end to discrimination in jobs, schooling, assignment, and recruitment. In 1952 it was the Korean War that finally led to the desegregation of previously all-white combat unit.
The main goal of President Trumans Executive Order 9981 was to grant equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. “There shall be created in the
National Military Establishment an advisory committee to be known as the President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services, which shall be composed of seven members to be designated by the
President.” He also states that the Committee “shall confer and advise the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force”.
Over 2.5 million African-American men registered for the draft, and black women also volunteered in large numbers. While serving in the Army, Army Air Forces, Navy,
The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 was a federal law enacted by congress in 1878 to restrict the federal governments from utilizing the Air Force and Army powers in civil law enforcement functions. The law ensures that civilian police agencies are directly responsible for all law enforcement functions in the United States, and the Armed Forces are responsible for fighting American wars abroad. The military can only be used as law enforcement in America if it specifically authorized.
The New Deal was President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s response to the great Depression during the 1930’s and the term came about during his campaign for presidency. This changed the way the federal government functions. It was proposed by FDR as the right of the people to make a comfortable living provided by the government. It was passed by Congress to be a set of government programs meant to fix the Great Depression and prevent another depression from occurring. Within the first one hundred days of his Presidency, President Roosevelt passed many pieces of legislation that created jobs, welfare payments, and created the NRA, which is where business leaders and government organizers worked together to establish industry standards of production,
Combine this research to identify the person's preference group and personality type. (Also, I would never reveal to the subject person nor inform a third party person that I “analyzed” them with the Jung test, because the one “analyzed” may be offended and the third party person may be indiscreet.)
In this part the author is clearing up the nation asking for answers from Herbert Hoover, the 31st President. In the midst of this time, so much was going on. From failing miserably from starvation, afflictions, and even debilitation; it affected numerous people. They trusted that he genuinely couldn't have thought less about the world, yet he was the president. The states were sinking into a ghastly place at the time and he simply showed no affectability for people, he affirmed to pondered. The maker gets the message transversely finished by clearing up how the overall public in that age felt about each one of the issues. We found the opportunity to see a comprehension of how they felt. He recorded all the stuff we were encountering at the
Margaret Talbot's "Brain Gain" first appeared in The New Yorker. In this essay, Talbot aims to get the point across to her audience that neuroenhancers are used frequently by college students. Adderall and Ritalin are drugs that are designed to help adults and children diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which are now being abused by individuals who are undiagnosed, who are taking these stimulants for, "non-medical" purposes (Talbot 701). Talbot’s essay targets people, who do not believe in using the neuroenhancing drugs without a prescription. Talbot achieves these goals by interviewing a former college graduate from
The relationship between gods and mortals in mythology has long been a complicated topic. The gods can be generous and supportive, and also devastating and destructive to any group of humans. Mortals must respect the powers above them that cannot be controlled. The gods rule over destiny, nature, and justice, and need to be recognized and worshipped for the powerful beings as they are. Regardless of one's actions, intentions, and thoughts, the gods in Greek myth have ultimate power and the final decision of justice over nature, mortals, and even each other.
The G.I. bill, officially known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, was created to help veterans of the World War II. The bill established veterans’ hospitals, provided for vocational rehabilitation, and made low-interest mortgages available. Prior to the war, higher education in the United States was mostly private, liberal arts, small-college, rural, residential, elitist, and often discriminatory from institution to institution with respect to race and religion. Not only did the GI Bill make access to higher education practical for men from all backgrounds, it changed the meaning of higher education in public consciousness from the 1950s onward. (Cohen, May 20, 2015)
Abuse of drugs has not however been limited to the professional athletic world. According to research conducted by Dr. Philip Veliz, Dr. Carol Boyd, and Dr. Sean Esteban McCabe, there has been a connection discovered between the abuse of ADHD medication and male athletes in high school. Beyond sports, there has been a recent development that is becoming a cause for concern in high school and college classrooms. More and more students have admitted to abusing the drug Adderall. They have turned to it in the hope of improving focus, helping their memory during study sessions, and increase performance on exams. This is an issue that is demanding a solution.
Many people seem to fear death, but philosophers such as Socrates and Epicurus would argue that one has no reason to fear it. Socrates sees death as a blessing to be wished for if death is either nothingness or a relocation of the soul, whereas Epicurus argues that one shouldn't worry themselves about death since, once we are gone, death is annihilation which is neither good nor bad. Epicurus believes that death itself is a total lack of perception, wherein there is no pleasure or pain. I agree with Epicurus because Socrates doesn't give a sound argument for death as a blessing, whereas Epicurus' argument is cogent. I would also argue personally that death is not something to be feared because, like Epicurus, I see no sufficient evidence showing we even exist after death.
Moore, Elaine A. The Amphetamine Debate: the Use of Adderall, Ritalin, and Related Drugs for
One of the disadvantages of being a sensor in my job is that one might fail to see possible alternative outcomes of a mission if one only puts focus on actual facts. Sometimes unexpected events happen. In those cases a lot of people do not know what to do because they have previously failed to look for other possibilities and what other random evens that could possibly occur during the mission. Interesting personal application
The knowledge and belief that there is no immortality frees us from the fear of death, frees us from the fear of eternal punishment in places such as Hell or the Underworld and lets us live for the physical and emotional pleasures in life. For example, Epicureanism denies the existence of eternal life and states that the soul lives only as long as the physical body (Russell, 1946). Therefore, since there is no life after death, there is no need to fear death. Epicureans have a “carpe diem” approach to life since they do not believe in the afterlife and must live in the moment. Although they only believe there is no afterlife and do not know if it exists or not, they are still able to create meaning and purpose in their lives despite their lack of certainty of the existence of the afterlife, which is one way meaning and purpose in life can be determined but is not limited to it. Their purpose and meaning in life is to seize the day because they will not have the chance after death. This example shows that when we believe that something does not exist, but do not know whether or not it does or does not actually exist we can still have meaning and purpose in our personal lives. In the case of Epicureanism, it is more the lack of knowledge of the existence of the afterlife that motivates them to live in the moment, giving them purpose and meaning in their
In the Apology of Socrates, he says that “To fear death, gentlemen, is no other than to think oneself wise when one is not, to think one knows what one does not know. No one knows whether death may not be the greatest of all blessings for a man, yet men fear it as if they knew that it is the greatest of evils. And surely it is the most blameworthy ignorance to believe that one knows what one does not know.” (Plato pg. 28) I disagree with Socrates when he laments that we should only fear what we know to be true. Since Socrates states that we can not be absolutely be sure that death isn’t the biggest blessing to man, we cannot fear it. I, however, believe the opposite to be true. No one knows that what comes after death is good...
One of the most compelling topics The Iliad raises is that of the intricate affiliations between fate, man and the gods. Many events related by Homer in his epic poem exhibit how these three connections interweave and eventually determine the very lives of the men and women involved in the war. Homer leaves these complex relationships slightly unclear throughout the epic, never spelling out the exact bonds connecting men's fate to the gods and what can be considered the power of fate. The motivation for the ambiguousness present in The Iliad is not easily understood, but it is a question that enriches and helps weave an even greater significance of the results into Homer's masterpiece. I feel that the interaction between man, god, and fate can be shown to be one great fluidity that ultimately leaves life mysterious, giving much more depth and complexity to the bonds between the three.
Greek mythology has systematically included the intervention of gods and goddesses in matters of the mortal world, and Homer’s The Iliad is no different. The story is littered with divine intervention, with both positive and negative outcomes for the humans involved.