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theoretical perspectives of cuban missile crisis
impacts of the Cuban Missile Crisis
theoretical perspectives of cuban missile crisis
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Present Day Cuban Missile Crisis
On the morning of October 16, 1962, President John F. Kennedy received confirmation that Russia has placed missiles and atomic weapons on the island of Cuba. The ensuing 13 days would become an extremely intense and dangerous period for the American people. Fast forward 51 years and it would seem as though the American government is dealing with a very similar set of circumstances. The North Korean government has embarked on a very serious journey to develop and usenuclear weapons,with the primary target being South Korea and the United States bases within that country. Comparing these two events is difficult because the situation in Korea has not been resolved. However, by using the Cuban missile crisis as a blueprint, the United States government can avoid potential pitfalls and avoid entering in another armed conflict with the unpredictable North Korean government.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
Pre-Announcement
On October 16, 1962,some of the highest ranking officials within the government of the United States where sitting in a state of astonishment, as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) briefed the current situation in Cuba. The overwhelming understanding for the preceding several months was that the government of Russia would not turn Cuba into a strategic operating base, capable of employing ballistic missiles against the United States. However, there they sat looking at photos taken by a U-2 reconnaissance aircraft telling a completely different story. The president was now faced with the daunting task of interpreting the Soviets intentions and figuring out a way to get these missiles removed from Cuba without sparking the start of World War III. Additionally, with congressional elections ju...
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... nations into a war. The unpredictability of the young North Korean leader also brings a new dimension into this conflict. Kim Jong Un might very well follow through with his assertions to attack the U.S. in South Korea. All we can do is hope that President Obama is taking the threat serious and perhaps creating his own version of the Ex Comm. Thus, ensuring all options for a peaceful resolution are on the table and no decision is taken without careful consideration for the second and third order effects.
Works Cited
Kennedy, Robert F. (1969). Thirteen Days. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Kimball, D. (2013). Chronology of U.S.-North Korean and Missile Diplomacy. http://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/dprkchron
Kwon, K.J. (2013). North Korea video shows imagined attack on Washington. http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/19/world/asia/north-korea-us-relations/index.html
The Cold War was a period of dark and melancholic times when the entire world lived in fear that the boiling pot may spill. The protectionist measures taken by Eisenhower kept the communists in check to suspend the progression of USSR’s radical ambitions and programs. From the suspenseful delirium from the Cold War, the United States often engaged in a dangerous policy of brinksmanship through the mid-1950s. Fortunately, these actions did not lead to a global nuclear disaster as both the US and USSR fully understood what the weapons of mass destruction were capable of.
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On New Year’s Day, 1959, Cuban Rebel forces, led by Fidel Castro, overthrew the existing government led by Fulgencio Batista. Castro immediately reformed Cuba’s economic policy, reducing the power of American companies over Cuba’s industry, as well as threatening American profits and influence in the area. This greatly irritated the United States as a whole, and caused the government, under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, to turn hostile towards Castro. Just a year after Castro’s rise to power, President Eisenhower was convinced that if the best interests of the United States were to be fulfilled, the new Cuban government would have to be abolished. On March 17, 1960, he approved the Central Intelligence Agency’s plan, entitled “A Program of Covert Action Against the Castro Regime.” This program’s purpose was to “bring about the replacement of the Castro regime with one more devoted to the true interests of the Cuban people an...
The docudrama ‘13 Days’ depicts the conflicts between the United States and the Soviet Union which nearly ended in a cataclysmic crisis widely known as the Cuban Missile crisis. The course of events and the escalation of the crisis during the intense 13-day period in October 1962 are conveyed to the audience through the perspective of US political leaders. The crisis begins as U-2 spy planes evidence that Soviet leader, Khrushchev, had intermediate-range missiles deployed to Cuba in secrecy and is in the process of activating them. The movie surfaces the conundrums faced by President Kennedy in deciding appropriate actions to be undertaken, such that the missiles in Cuba are removed without resorting to war. Audiences are acquainted with the various complexities involved in the decision making processes, as President Kennedy not only had to deal with the antagonistic Soviet Union, but also disagreements within his own administration.
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Canadian-American relations were severely hurt during the Cuban Missile Crisis due to the actions taken by John Diefenbaker. The crisis between the Soviet Union and Cuba on one side and America on the other was one of most heated moments during the Cold War. America had hoped that Canada would provide basic necessities during the crisis. However, when Canadian Prime Minster; John Diefenbaker failed to give full support, the relationship between the two countries stood on edge. It was through Diefenbaker’s lack of cooperation and doubt during the situation that had affected the relationship between the two countries. Not to mention Diefenbaker’s dislike towards the US. President; John F. Kennedy had also been a reason to why the two countries relations were falling apart. Canada and America’s relations had broken down during the Cuban Missile Crisis as a result of Diefenbaker’s lack of cooperation, doubt and dislike towards the United States President.
During the Cold War Era, the United States and Soviet Union were placed in a very tense standing when the Soviet Union placed their nuclear-armed missiles on Cuba, which was just a 90 miles away from the United States (Cuban Missile Crisis). The Soviet Union aimed to have their nuclear missiles in Cuba as a way to ensure a more even playing field given from the weapons’ set up from Western Europe and Turkey (since the United States also had their nuclear missiles placed in Turkey as well). In order to come to a closing means on the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Soviet Union agreed to remove their missiles in order to avoid Cuba getting invaded, while the United States secretly removed theirs from Turkey (Cuban Missile Crisis). However, the Cold War’s impacts still carry on to this day due to the relationship between the United States and Cuba. This is seen from the United States establishing, and still upholding the country’s political, economic, as well as financial embargo on Cuba. The Cold War left the relationship between the United States and Cuba nearly nonexistent from 1961 until just this past year when both countries reopened their respective embassies for one another on July 20th (U.S and Cuba Re-Establish Relations). Consequently, the impacts of the Cold War still must be studied by experts in the
Comparable to no other moment in history, the Cuban Missile Crisis shaped a generation entering the nuclear age with unease and tension. Decisions ultimately were made by the leaders of the nations which were undoubtedly shaped and influenced from voices far exceeding the three men’s own ideologies. The opinions and beliefs of those closest to the leaders with large vested interest in the Crisis dictated monumental moments throughout the thirteen-day standoff. The issue arouse on the morning of October 16th when National Security Advisor McGeorge Bundy awoke President Kennedy with startling photographs taken by U-2 aircraft over Cuba’s mainland. The photos proved that there were Soviet Medium-Range Ballistic Missiles on the island, which is only 90 miles from American shoreline. Long before the Cuban Missile Crisis, as noted by the JFK Presidential Library, “Kennedy warned of the Soviet's growing arsenal of intercontinental ballistic missiles and pledged to revitalize American nuclear forces.”...
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a major event in U.S History that almost led to nuclear destruction. It was over a period of thirteen days in which diplomats from the U.S and the Soviet Union were trying to reach a peaceful resolution so that they wouldn’t have to engage in physical warfare. The crisis was the hallmark of the Cold War era which lasted from the 1950’s to the late 1980’s. The Cold War was a power struggle between the U.S and Soviet Union in which the two nations had a massive arms race to become the strongest military force. The U.S considered Communism to be an opposing political entity, and therefore branded them as enemies. Khrushchev’s antagonistic view of Americans also played a big role in the conflict. The Cold War tensions, coupled with a political shift in Cuba eventually lead to the military struggle known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the point of most tension and near collapse causing the Cold War to almost shift from a passive and underground struggle to a violent and catastrophic one.
Since the end of the Korean War, the United States has enacted policies to isolate and undermine the Kim Dynasty in North Korea. A key development took place in the past several decades where North Korea broke away from the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) to develop their own nuclear weapons and while lacking launch capabilities, they have been successful in their development. During this process, the United States took active policies to deter the North Koreans in pursuit of their goals. It is easy to assume that the United States took this stance in order to maintain a military edge in the region. But under closer examination, this neo-realist perspective does not explain why the United States pursued this policy.
...The only way for the U.S to get any type of peaceful outcome from North Korea is to push for a regime change. However, these tactics would definitely lead to war and in this case I believe that the cost of war definitely outweigh the benefits. Also you have to be mindful of the other actors involved who would have something to lose besides the two involved in war, such as China and South Korea. China would lose a trade partner and would have a large flow of refugees trying to enter their country (as well as the neighboring countries) and South Korea (a U.S ally) would lose lives (soldier and possibly civilians) and as well as the damage to property. The best choice the U.S has at the moment to avoid total destruction, losing lives, and the monetary cost would be to continue to peacefully bargain with North Korea and use as little force as possible to achieve peace.
The "Thirteen Days" of the Cuban Missile Crisis were, at that point, the closest the superpowers came to war. How severe this would have been is impossible to know. That this is the case was due in a large part to serendipity and the patience and understanding of the leaders. The lessons of this stand-off were not lost on either side. There were several key after-effects of this confrontation:
Since its origin in 1948, North Korea has been isolated and heavily armed, with hostile relations with South Korea and Western countries. It has developed a capability to produce short- and medium-range missiles, chemical weapons, and possibly biological and nuclear weapons. In December 2002, Pyongyang lifted the freeze on its plutonium-based nuclear weapons program and expelled IAEA inspectors who had been monitoring the freeze under the Agreed Framework of October 1994. As the Bush administration was arguing its case at the United Nations for disarming Iraq, the world has been hit with alarming news of a more menacing threat: North Korea has an advanced nuclear weapons program that, U.S. officials believe, has already produced one or two nuclear bombs. As the most recent standoff with North Korea over nuclear missile-testing approaches the decompression point, the United States needs to own up to a central truth: The region of Northeast Asia will never be fully secure until the communist dictatorship of North Korea passes from the scene. After threatening to test a new, long-range missile, Pyongyang says it is willing to negotiate with "the hostile nations" opposing it. But whether the North will actually forgo its test launch is anyone's guess. North Korea first became embroiled with nuclear politics during the Korean War. Although nuclear weapons were never used in Korea, American political leaders and military commanders threatened to use nuclear weapons to end the Korean War on terms favorable to the United States. In 1958, the United States deployed nuclear weapons to South Korea for the first time, and the weapons remained there until President George Bush ordered their withdrawal in 1991. North Korean government stateme...
The Cuban Missile Crisis lasted two weeks in the midst of the Cold War, and brought the world closer to nuclear war than ever before. In October of 1962 multiple nuclear missiles of the Soviet Union’ s were discovered in Cuba, a mere 90 miles south of the United States. Given the communist ties between Cuba and the USSR, this poised a considerable threat to our national security. Throughout the 14 days the two leaders, John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev struggled to clearly understand each others‘ genuine intentions. Actions taken by each state during this crisis demonstrates the realist point of view, in a variety of ways. The fundamentals of Realism will be explored and explained along with actions taken during this crisis from a realist point of view.
The tropical island of Cuba had been an object of empire for the United States. Before the Missile Crisis, the relationship between Castro and the US were strained by the Bay of Pigs occurrence in 1961. This was where counterrevolutionary Cubans were American funded and tried to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. However, the counterrevolutionaries failed. Castro then found an alliance with the Soviet Union and an increase of distrust that Castro had on the US. On January 18, 1962, the United States’ Operation Mongoose was learned. The objective would be “to help the Cubans overthrow the Communist regime” so that the US could live in peace. Consequently, Castro informed the Soviet Union that they were worried about a direct invasion on Cuba, thus longed for protection against th...