1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 COAL WASH PLANT
The wash plant is feed by a 100T bin fitted with a vibrating feeder to aid and ease the flow of coal onto Conveyor belt 18-31. The bin can be filled up to 80T; above that it overflows through the chute connected to its side. Below 30T the bin is interlocked not to feed the wash plant to avoid coal and the bin lining being subjected to impact causing damage and excess fines generation. The maximum feed rate of the vibrating feeder and the capacity of the belt is 200t/h. Coal from Conveyor belt 18-31 is fed onto a feed preparation screen.
To suppress dust and effect screening, pressurized water from the Magnetic separator effluent chute is used. The screen oversize (-75+6mm) is fed into the DMS drum while the undersize (-6mm) also called fines, goes to the effluent tank. The slurry is pumped to the desliming cyclone to recover water and coal. The cyclone overflow is pumped to the thickener where solids will gravitate to the bottom. The thickener slurry is then pumped to the filters press where a filter cake will be produced. Water recovered from the filter press is recycled back to the thickener. The underflow of the cyclone is dewatered on a screen and combined with the sinks (+32mm ) coal to the thermal stockpile by Conveyor 18-33.
The +6mm particles together with the medium are fed to the 200t/h Wemco drum. The medium density, which ranges from 1.42-1.55 t/m³, can be regulated depending on the quality of coal fed and produced. Coal with a bulk density of 1.0t/m³ is supposed to float while the gangue sinks but because of near density material there is a possibility of the gangue reporting to the float (or middlings being displaced). Inside the drum there is a lifter which collects all the sinks and deposits it into the launder. It is then directed to an extended launder onto a screen. The screen drains the concentrated medium from the sinks coal.
Medium is rinsed off from the coal initially with the Magnetic Separator flood water and finally with clean water sprays. The drained off medium goes to the Correct Medium tank (CM tank) while the rinsed off medium goes to Dilute Medium tank (DM tank). The washed coal is then crushed using a rolling ring crusher to a top size of 32mm and conveyed to the thermal stockpile by Conveyor belt 18-33 onto Conveyor belt18-15.
To assemble this apparatus all of the following will be needed: a jacketed condenser, thermometer, 50 mL kjeldahl shaped flask, 100 mL kjeldahl flask, vacuum adapter, distilling column and a connecting adapter. Next, clamp the glass joints to the ring stand to properly secure the apparatus. Once finished with assembly, proceed to ad 60 mL of the fermented yeast prepared at the last experiment lab to the 100 mL flask and also add a small spin vane. Then, carefully place the flask into the sand bath. After this is done, let the water run that’s connected to the condenser slowly. At the same time, also slowly heat up the solution. For the experiment to be the most successful it’s important to slowly heat the flask because properly heating the flask will lead to a high percentage purity ethanol distillation. You can also add aluminum foil to the bottom of the flask, as this will help with the reflux process. Keenly observe the reflux process as you continue to slowly heat up the solution. Once the reflux line starts to get nearer to the connection adapter, record the temperatures. Once there’s a good amount of distillate in the 50 mL flask, go ahead and collect 2 to 3 mL of the distillate and transfer this into a labeled vial and give to your TA so he/she can measure out the distillate using a 1000 mL Eppendorf pipette. Lastly, weigh the solution on an analytical balance and record the weight. Using the weight recorded, calculate the density and compare to the density table listed below to determine the percent
A machine known as a dragline then digs into the rock to reveal the coal, the machines hollow out the tiers of coal and dump millions of overburden, the previous mountaintops, into constricted nearby valleys, thereby producing valley fills. Coal companies have covered over 1,200 miles of biologically crucial Appalachian headwaters streams.
This fluid is made up of 32.5% urea in 67.5% de-ionized water. This mixture is then injected into the exhaust stream using an advanced catalyst system. When DEF is released into the exhaust stream the hot exhaust causes the fluid to release ammonia which then breaks down the greenhouse harming gas of NOx into nitrogen and water. This fluid must be refilled at approximately every 10,000 miles (Voelcker).
Coal Combustion Residue, or coal sludge, is the byproduct of burning coal in order to make energy. It is a combination of fly ash, bottom ash, coal slag, and flue gas. According to the watchdog group “sourcewatch.org” the ...
A typical packed bed is a cylindrical column that is overflowing with a fit packing material. The liquid is circulated as consistently as possible at the top of the column and flows downward, wetting the packing material. The gas is admitting at the bottom, and flows upward, contacting the liquid in a countercurrent direction. An example of a packed bed is an absorber .Besides that, the gas consists of some carrier species that is unsolvable in the liquid (such as air) and a soluble variety such as carbon dioxide or ammonia. The soluble species is absorbed in the liquid, and the lean gas leaves the column at the top. The liquid rich in the soluble species is taken out at the
turbine is isolated and kept separate from the water that is taken and released to
Clean Coal Technologies (CCTs) are defined by the WCI as 'technologies designed to enhance both the efficiency and the environmental acceptability of coal extraction, preparation and use' . These technologies reduce emissions, reduce waste, and increase the amount of energy gained from each ton of coal. There are a wide variety of technologies that are available to improve our coal performance. This can be done by: Enhancing of existing options, Deploying of Advanced Technologies, Exploiting Synergies with Renewables, and Development and Commercialization of Next Generation Technologies (“Coal”). Some environmental problems that they will be trying to address are: Particulate matter, trace elements and SOX and NOX, and mercury.
Coal cleaning has been launched as a means of improving energy efficiency and environmental quality. Cleaner coal would reduce 25 percent of coal weight, which would also lead to a reduction in transportation. To increase the supply of cleaner coal, more capital labor must be allocated to coal washing (Solveig), which will be rather difficult as Chinese corporations are not keen on increase expenditures.
The filter moves foreign particles from the fluid,preventing moisture,dust , grit and other undesirable matter from entering the
The unit is closely integrated with the scrub section in order to achieve optimum cold economy and a minimum processing/recycle of 'excess' components. Any excess light components removed
The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a machine used in factories, to clean out the waste solid particle, for example ash from the exhaust gas, allowing clean exhaust gas exit through the chimney. The electrostatic precipitator functions by using first allow the exhaust gas with the waste solid particles pass through the Nozzle as shown in the diagram below. Then the exhaust gas passes through inlet gas distribution, which evenly distributes the gas as shown below in a turquoise color, and starts going through the Discharge electrodes and the collector plates, which is shown in the diagram red and blue respectively. The discharge electrodes, which are powered by high voltage direct current, ionize the gas along with the other solid waste particles negatively. The collector plates are also charged with high voltage electricity, but it is positively charged, therefore attracting the negatively charged solid particle, because oppositely charged particles attract. This allows the clean exhaust gas pass through the other end, while the solid waste particles are trapped in the collector plates. Eventually when there are enough solid waste particles collected on the collector plates, the collect plates shakes off the collected waste, where it drops to the bottom of the shaft as shown in the diagram as “Hopper”.
The nonferrous metals are sorted from any other nonmetals that might have slipped through the process. In order to separate the nonferrous metals from any leftover nonmetals an Eddy Current separator is used. An Eddy Current Separator uses a magnetic drum that will flings the nonferrous metals into a separate bin and the nonmetals slide down to be disposed as trash.
The mixture was then cooled. Vacuum filtration was then performed on the mixture. This was done by carefully rinsing the precipitate mixture over moist, pre-weighed filter paper into a Büchner flask under vacuum. The residue was then moistened with ethanol while the flask was still under vacuum. The residue and filter paper were placed on a pre-weighed watch glass and weighed. They were then placed in a drying oven for about fifteen minutes and then reweighed. They were reweighed after a further five minutes in the oven and then again after another five minutes, so as to ensure the precipitate had been fully dried.
It is the process of cleaning the cotton. Heavy impurities like leaves, seeds etc. are removed from cotton in this process. From ginning factories, cotton is sent to spinning units in bale form.
... temperature of 112 0C also and a pressure 2.5 bar. Cooling water is used to condense the vapor exiting column. Remaining methane and hydrogen are separated in reflux drum where the vapor stream is combined with other gases streams. The overhead of first and second separator are combined to form fuel gas. The liquid stream exiting in the bottoms of the reflux drum is pumped at pressure of 3.3 bar for discharging pressure. The pump stream is separated in two streams. One stream is to feed to tray one of the column and the other one stream is cooled down to 38 0C in heat exchanger. Then, the cooled product stream is sent to storage.