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Dr. Jeffrey Steinberg pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
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Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis
"Please make sure that our little one has blond hair and blue eyes, "
and "I want him to be a good athlete and very intellectual."
"Oh, and doc, make him disease free please."
"Is that all?"
"You two aren’t very particular are you?
" This will be an easy case."
"We will continue with the implantation in two days."
With the enormous advancement of Technology in many areas of Genetic Diagnosis, parents and doctors seem to defy Mother Nature and maybe even God every day. An example of this phenomenon is Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis. Do the advantages this technology brings outweigh the disadvantages? Who should be final authority? Will the advancement of Pre-Implantation technology start a new wave of genetic manipulation in in-vitro fertilization?
Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PID, PGD) involves the removal and testing of a single cell from the embryo (zona or blastocyst…a collection of 7-10 cells)3, after in-vitro fertilization (IVF), for the possibility of genetic disorder transmission from parent to child. This procedure is called micromanipulation. If the genetic material may cause a genetic disorder it is discarded and the others returned. In essence, the procedure is " intended to weed out genetically defective embryos before they have a chance to develop".3 More specifically, the woman is induced through medication to ovulate in high quantity and the eggs are collected. Next, standard IVF takes place. Three days later, each embryo contains about eight cells and is ready to be biopsied. A micromanipulator holds the zona in place along with a holding pipette. Then another pipette drills through the shell using ...
... middle of paper ...
... reason why we feel a need to genetically alter what God has made and intended as well. These questions seem to pose more significant questions that need answers more so than the need for IVF and PID procedures and their advancements.
References
1. http://www.medicalcenter.gwu.edu
2. http://www.aaas.org/spp/dspp/sfrl/progects/stem/reprot.pdf
3. http://www.religious tolerance.orglabo_pgd.htm
4. http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/About_NHGRI/Dir/Ethics/pre.html
National Human Genome Research Inst. General Ethics Consortium Case Literature
5. http://www.hygeia.org/poems5.htm
Yale Iniversity School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynechology M.D. PhD.
6. http://www.biol:tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/EJ71D.html
Germany use of Pre-Implantation Genectic Diagnosis : Research Centre Biotechnology and Law University of Lueneburg, German
After the discovery of genetically altering an embryo before implantation, “designer babies” was coined to describe a child genetically altered “to ensure specific intellectual and cosmetic characteristics.” (“Designer Babies” n.p.). This procedure combines genetic engineering and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) to make sure certain characteristics are absent or present in an embryo (Thadani n.p.). The procedure also includes taking an embryo to be pre-implementation genetically diagnosed (PGD), another procedure that doctors use to screen the embryos (Stock n.p.). An embryo’s DNA goes through multiple tests to obtain an analysis of the embryo, which will list all the components of the embryo including genetic disorders and physical traits such as Down syndrome, blue eyes, and brown hair, for instance (Smith 7). Although the use of PGD is widely accepted by the “reproductive medical community” and the modifying of disorders or diseases is to a degree, once the characteristics are no longer health related “72% disapprove of the procedure” (“Designer Babies” n.p.). At this point the parents make decisions that would alter their child’s life forever and this decision is rather controversial in the U...
In recent years, great advancement has been made in medicine and technology. Advanced technologies in reproduction have allowed doctors and parents the ability to screen for genetic disorders (Suter, 2007). Through preimplantation genetic diagnosis, prospective parents undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) can now have their embryo tested for genetic defects and reduce the chance of the child being born with a genetic disorder (Suter, 2007). This type of technology can open the door and possibility to enhance desirable traits and characteristics in their child. Parents can possibly choose the sex, hair color and eyes or stature. This possibility of selecting desirable traits opens a new world of possible designer babies (Mahoney,
I then came across the practice of art therapy. As a child, I've had a love for drawing and art, and I never really grew out of it. I saw art therapy as a wonderful opportunity for me since I found this both an enjoyable and useful study. I became interested in art therapy because it serves as a creative outlet for me to help people by applying what I love for them. I believe art therapy can help troubling patients because it connects with troubling patients at
Long, C. (2014). Qualitative Research in Creative Art therapy: Long: Lesson 2, Jan, 30, 2014.
What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Is heredity the cause or is it a person’s surrounding environment? What are its effects? Are there any treatments available for it? Borderline Personality Disorder or BPD is a serious illness that causes a person to experience instability in moods, exhibit impulsive, quite often aggressive, behavior and creates severe self-worth issues. BPD is usually not a “stand alone” illness and typically is accompanied by other disorders such as Dysthymia, Bipolar Disorder and Substance Abuse. Although BPD can be extremely dangerous to those affected by it and those surrounded by them, it is quite often not given enough attention or taken as serious as it should be. As well, BPD is commonly misdiagnosed as other disorders such as Bipolar and Schizophrenia have many of the same symptoms. This is one reason why BPD may not get enough attention; if it is being diagnosed as something other than what it truly is, the entire illness and it’s affects are not fully then being treated. If a person is not being treated for BPD as a whole, the chances of them dealing with it in a positive way are slim. Causes, symptoms and treatment of BPD are things we must thoroughly understand to grasp exactly what the illness is and why it is so difficult for those affected to live with.
While traditional methods of talk therapy can be a great option for children who are experiencing mental health issues or disabilities, some children find it difficult to effectively express what they are experiencing in a formal clinical setting. The use of expressive/creative arts as a mode of therapy allows for a meaningful and more relatable exploration of the issues a child may be facing. Expressive art therapy is a therapeutic approach of incorporating art, with the goal of promoting growth and healing within an individual (Malchiodi, 2013). Expressive art therapy encompasses many creative art modalities:
People should not have access to genetically altering their children because of people’s views on God and their faith, the ethics involving humans, and the possible dangers in tampering with human genes. Although it is many parent’s dream to have the perfect child, or to create a child just the way they want, parents need to realize the reality in genetic engineering. Sometimes a dream should stay a figment of one’s imagination, so reality can go in without the chance of harming an innocent child’s life.
Quantitative studies began in 2003 to look at the effectiveness of art therapy with incarcerated persons (Campbell, 2010). The studies included and inmate behavioral study, the formal elements art therapy scale (FEATS), the Beck depression Inventory, short form (BDI-II), and the adult Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control (ANS) (Campbell, 2010). This study showed support for art therapy and that art therapy may help improve mood, behavior, and socialization while increasing internal locus of control (Campbell, 2010). With these positive results more studies are
In conclusion, Borderline personality disorder is a mental illness that severely affects a person’s sense of self, emotions and relationships. BPD does not just affect the person who is suffering, but also the people around him/her. In recent years many studies have been dedicated to helping borderlines recover from their symptoms and fully recover from this illness. For some people BPD does not follow them for their whole lives and they get better with age. People with BPD should not be discouraged because there is a lot of help coming their way, if they accept it.
You can express your thoughts and emotions through making art that you could not through words alone. That is why art therapy is an effective form of helping patience of all kinds. Art therapy can help just about anyone with a mental or emotional illness if they are willing to cooperate. People say that a picture is worth a thousand words and when it comes to art therapy, they really mean it. Art therapists use color, patterns, and shapes fabricated by the patient to determine their thoughts and feeling. Because color is a big part of representing how we feel we can use the drawings, paintings, or other forms of art to help us further understand someone. Art therapy is especially helpful when the patient cannot speak or properly communicate with others. That is because art is like talking
Today Art Therapy is widely practiced in a wide variety of places for example, hospitals, rehabilitation facilities and, even schools (source2 What is Art Therapy). Art Therapy practice requires knowledge of visual art, drawing, painting, sculpture and, other art forms (Frank source 3). Art Therapy is a mental health profession that helps clients through a creative process to explore a client’s
Art therapy has emerged as an exceptional profession in 1940’s. “ Art therapy is a mental health profession in which clients, facilitated by the art therapist, use art media, the creative process, and the resulting artwork to explore their feelings, reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awareness, manage behavior and addictions, develop social skills, improve reality orientation, reduce anxiety, and increase self-esteem”. In the late nineteenth century, French psychiatrists Tardieu and Paul-Max Simon viewed art therapy as a cogent tool to identify specific types of mental illness or distressing events. Art has also been associated spiritual power. The artistic forms of the Hindu and the Buddhist mandala and the Native American sand painting are considered powerful healing tools. One goal of art therapy is to ameliorate or restore a client’s normal functioning and his or her sense of personal well-being. Art therapy can provide the client-artist with critical insight into emotions, thoughts, and feelings. It helps in Self-discovery, Personal fulfillment, Empowerment, Relaxation and stress relief and physical rehabilitation. It is a two-part process which involves creating art and discovering its meaning. Art therapy has proven to be a powerful tool for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s patients can use art as a form of expression, particularly individuals who can’t communicate
Before I graduated from college, an art therapist saved my life. She helped me work through my diagnosis by utilizing various art forms. Upon termination, art therapy had given me true healing and empowered me to use art for self-expression. Today, I am thriving with a Bachelor of Fine Arts, applying to graduate school to follow my passion, and wearing my adversity as a badge of triumph. The power of art therapy provided me with an inside look at the difference an art therapist can make. Now I am determined to help others find their own healing through art.
It can be presented as an option adapting expertise where patients are urged to creatively express troublesome and overpowering sentiments and feelings that are generally communicated through the control of nourishment (Kramer, 2014). Art therapy offers structure to emotions, concerns, and push which can be comprehended and tended to. There are numerous advantages of art therapy in the treatment of eating disorders, for example,
Throughout my undergraduate education, I discovered the healing effects of art. As someone affected by mental health issues, I found power in expressing and processing my mental frustrations and emotions through artwork. Art has always been a consistent outlet for alleviating my problems. I found that reflecting on, creating and observing art helped me processed my problems and move past them. Soon after, I sought out and wanted to become a part of a support system for young adults. Through my own healing process and that of my loved ones, I became interested in and developed a passion for mental health.