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Poverty Essay

analytical Essay
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More than $3billion people in the world which is nearly half of the world’s population are living on less than $2.50 a day and more than $1.3 billion live in extreme poverty which is less than$1.25 a day. (Unicef 2013). One third of deaths a year are cause by poverty. An estimate of 600 million children live in absolute poverty, every year more than 10 million innocent children die of hunger and PREVENTABLE diseases, such as diaorreah, pneumonia and malaria 19 million kids worldwide remain unvaccinated, even a simple net would prevent malaria. During 2011, 165 million kids under the age of 5 were stunted( reduced rate of growth and development) due to chronic malnutrition 870 million people worldwide do not have enough to eat. More than half a million women die in pregnancy and child birth every year… one death a minute. Why do we have cases of poverty in 2014? “Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity, it’s an act of justice. Like slavery and apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man made an it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings”. Mandela (2005). It’s heart breaking that in this day and age there are children dying of hunger, and easily preventable diseases. Poverty reduction is one of the most dominant themes in current scholarship, policy formation and international discussion on economic development. A sign of it importance is shown by the fact that the very first target of the millennium development goals (MDG) is in fact to reduce the people living under $1 a day by half by 2015. Relative to this dissertation the role of economic growth in in poverty reduction is of high importance. Substantial and lasting reductions, if not complete eradication of poverty has been and will continue to b...

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...e when calculating the income elasticity of poverty but According to Heltberg, (2002) in many cases , growth is more important for poverty reduction than changes in inequality, but this does not label inequality as unimportant Heltberg (2002). Heltberg and Ravillion(2002) discover that growth does not alter inequality. Inequality can be held constant as ram does ram (2006,2011,2013) or the gini coefficient can be added to the regression as it is seen on Adams study (2004) where growth elasticity of poverty in developing countries is calculated to be -2.79, a decrease in the proportion of a population living in in poverty to 2.79% for every 1% growth, which is consumption based rather than income based. Regression is used where the rate of poverty reduction(p) is regressed on the rate of growth in GDP per capita and the rate of income inequality (gini coefficient).

In this essay, the author

  • Opines that poverty is not a task of charity, but an act of justice. it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings.
  • Argues that the relationship between growth, distributional change, and poverty reduction must be studied in a way that allows for country heterogeneity but remains tractable.
  • Explains the simplification of the poverty line in relation to mean incomes.
  • Explains that income elasticity of poverty (iep) measures the relationship between income and the effects it has on poverty rates in countries selected.
  • Analyzes the relationship between income growth and poverty reduction, stating that the poor are the ones who suffer from economic contraction.
  • Argues that there are irreconcilable positions regarding the proportion of the world's poorest get pleasure from economic process fuelled by larger openness to foreign trade and investment.
  • Explains that poverty tends to fall with growth in mean household income. the horizontal axis is the annualized change in real income value in the survey mean.
  • Defines income elasticity of poverty (iep) as the percentage reduction in poverty rates associated with a percentage change in mean per capita income.
  • Explains that among african countries where the lack of growth appears to have been the main culprit, there are substantial disparities in terms of the ability of countries to translate growth to poverty reduction.
  • Opines that as an alternative to the current 7 percent average annual gdp growth that is generally accepted as the required rate for many developing countries to attain mdg1, poverty could be achieved.
  • Explains that inequality is a majour issue when calculating the income elasticity of poverty, but growth is more important for poverty reduction than changes in inequality.
  • Concludes that absolute poverty in developing countries tends to fall with growth, which is supported by bruno et al (1998) empirical relationship survey.
  • Explains that bourguignon (2002) states that there is an overall declining relationship between poverty and income, but this isn't always the case.
  • Analyzes how nigeria is one of the most corrupt countries in the world, with the rich exploiting the poor.
  • Explains that brazil cut the poverty rate from 17.1 percent to 7.8 percent over the same period. costa rica's gdp growth was more than twice that of brazil.
  • Explains that the country's poverty rate rose from 4.0 percent to 19.6 percent over the same period.
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    • Poverty Essay
      explanatory essay
      Persistent issues like race and genders are contributing to poverty in US. Discrimination against races like the African-Americans, Latinos, American-Indians and discrimination against the minorities with gender issues like those same-sex couples make poverty a great issue among the minorities.

      In this essay, the author

      • Explains that race and gender issues are contributing to poverty in the us. discrimination against races like african-americans, latinos and american-indians make poverty a great issue among the minorities.
      • Explains that minorities are comparatively poorer, with about 27 percent of african-americans, latinos and american indians being poor, compared to about only 10% of whites.
      • Explains that discrimination against single mothers makes it difficult for them to survive, especially since they need to take care of their child.
      • Explains that illiteracy/lack of education is another cause of poverty in us. without education people are not able to communicate effectively with others.
      • Explains that poor health conditions in the us are a main cause of poverty. without health, nothing can be accomplished properly. cancer and hiv/aids deprive the poor of basic requirements in life.
      • Opines that half of the jobs in the nation pay less than $34,000 a year. a quarter of those jobs pay below the poverty line for the family of four, which is under $23,000 annually.
      • Explains that the disappearance of cash assistance for low-income mothers and children contributes to poverty in the us.
      • Explains that high cost of living in the us contributes to poverty. many people have low-paying jobs, which mean that they don't earn a lot, but they have to pay for mortgages, taxes, and rents.
      • Opines that the high unemployment rate in us plays a major role in poverty.
      • Explains that corruption hinders development, especially when leaders help themselves to money that should have been used for development projects. companies should follow strict codes of conduct and abstain from corruption.
      • Explains that in many developing countries, political power is not equally distributed. instead of having a network of political representatives distributed equally throughout society, politicians are responsible for decision-making throughout the country.
      • Explains that war contributes to more entrenched poverty by diverting scarce resources from fighting poverty to maintaining a military. the us helped iraq and afghanistan in their wars, which took up much of their economic resources.
      • Explains that hurricanes and earthquakes can cause millions of dollars worth of infrastructure and many loss of lives. developing countries suffer more extensive and acute damage when natural disasters strike, because limited resources obstruct construction of sufficient housing, infrastructure, and mechanisms for coping with the after effects.
      • Explains that natural disasters affect annual agricultural produce. floods destroy soil fertility, and droughts cause the land to become barren and unsuitable for cultivation.
      • Opines that they would have attended college, most likely at some of the most prestigious educational institutions in the country.
      • Explains that they earn their money by working at what could be called professional jobs such as professors, lawyers, teachers, doctors and managers.
      • Opines that they don't wear uniforms to work (other than doctors), mostly wear suits.
      • Explains that they have a low educational level, are not highly skilled, and work at minimum-wage jobs, often taking multiple jobs at once to try and make ends meet.
      • Explains that they have little or no job security and receive no health insurance or any other benefits.
      • Explains that in us today, approximately 15 to 20 percent are in the poor, lower class, and 30 to 40 percent of the working class.
      1174 words
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    • Why Do So Many Live in Poverty?
      analytical essay
      When there’s enough money in the world to provide education, clean water, and basic health and nutrition to all, one could question why “at least 80% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day” (Shah). Poverty, generally defined in two different methods, is “one of several socioeconomic indicators” (Bishaw), which suggests how efficiently a country achieves its “successful development,” such as giving people access to all basics needs of life, including food, water, clothing, and education (Shah). Using a relative definition, anyone who has less wealth and income relative to others in a certain population is considered poor (Dudley 55). In contrast to this relative measure, an absolute measurement sets a minimum standard of income and wealth, regardless of how many people are above or below the standard (56). According to the American Community Survey Briefs conducted by the United States Census Bureau, “in 2011, about 15.9 percent of the U.S. population had income below the poverty level, an increase from 15.3 percent in 2010” (Bishaw). The causes of poverty that has widened the gap between the rich and the poor are to be contemplated with more careful lens, whether it is an exploitation of authority power or unsuccessful results of previous attempts at providing aid to those in need. By examining some primary driving forces of the poverty issue, it’s painfully clear that shifting spending priorities could alleviate a significant portion of the inequity, an obvious solution to this confounding issue.

      In this essay, the author

      • Explains that providing basic nutrition and health needs for growing children is important, as is initiating education reforms such as training adults in job skills. the welfare system in the us was developed with an original intention to increase the "standard of living for the poor."
      • Argues that poverty is not an inevitable result of the country's capitalistic system; it is a global issue that is relatable to everyone in an interdependent world where individual responsibility counts.
      • Argues that shifting spending priorities could alleviate a significant portion of the inequity.
      • Argues that the fundamental cause of poverty stems from the levels of inequality in wage structure.
      • Argues that poverty has a significant impact on the greater society. the "war on poverty" eventually became an oblivious war over the "embattled family wage."
      • Explains that situational poverty arises due to uncontrollable events such as unexpected disasters and health expenses.
      • Argues that government programs and funding should focus on helping the impoverished to become self-actualized.
      • Explains that globalization is more than exchange of goods and services between two countries; it is the movement of production factors, capital, technology, and labor among all the countries.
      2316 words
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