Poverty Essay

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The view of poverty is diverse and dynamic (Dartanto & Otsubo, 2013; Jansen, et.al, 2013), it is concerned with not having enough now (Thorbecke, 2005). All its definitions tend to refer on deprivations suffered by the people such as income, basic needs and human capabilities (Jansen, et.al, 2013). But De Vos & Garner (1991) argues that each definition partly depends on the social, political, cultural and historical contexts of its society.
Poverty is a complex trend and different cultures and societies have different perceptions of poverty (Dartanto & Otsubo, 2013). Human well-being comes from the individuals’ situation in all realms of life, while traditional indicators of poverty are related only to the satisfaction in the spending domain (Rojas, 2004). In addition, Veenhoven (2008) mentioned on his paper that those households with optimistic cultures highlight positive aspects of life, whereas pessimistic cultures emphasize imperfections. He also added that an individual’s socialization imprints culture specific wants which when met satisfies the households.
Problems towards poverty arise because researchers wanted to define a poverty limit on each individual (Thorbecke, 2005). Usually and most traditional poverty indicator is individuals’ income (Van Praag & Ferrer-i-Carbonell, 2008). But, researchers argue that measuring poverty by using only income and expenditure as basis is not enough and is lacking information on pointing out that an individual is poor (Posel & Rogan, 2013; Dartanto & Otsubo, 2013; Van Praag & Ferrer-i-Carbonell, 2008; Thorbecke, 2005; Reyes & Valencia, 2004).
Poverty is a subjective feeling of individuals (Van Praag & Ferrer-i-Carbonell, 2008). Poverty then is better interp...

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...y provinces for poverty-alleviation, and a neglect of dynamic issues, for instance the proposal to liberalize rice importation for the benefit of the mass of consumers, instead of keeping it restricted for the sake of the narrow sector of rice growers (Mangahas, 2004). Poverty is a subjective feeling of individuals. Hence any knowledge and any poverty policy has to rely in the last instance on gauging of those feelings in the population (Van Praag & Ferrer-i-Carbonell, 2008).
To bring about a substantial improvement in the reported indicators requires long-term structural policy efforts. The indicators therefore need to be integrated into the development of a policy strategy (Atkinson & Marlier, 2010). Freedom of choice and action is the ability of individuals to control what happens to them and to be able to achieve what they value doing or being (Mangahas, 2004).

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