Poverty And Social Inclusion: Factors Of Social Exclusion

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SOCIAL EXCLUSION
Social exclusion is a very complex and multi-dimensional process. It is the absence or denial of rights, goods, and services, resources coupled with not being able to actively participate and contribute to the activities available to everyone in the society.it could be in an economic, cultural or political, or social environment. It affects both the quality of life of individuals and the fairness and unity of society as a whole. Factors of social exclusion include age, disability, ethnicity, gender, employment status, and poverty. Social exclusion spearheads a person or a group's ability to participate in economic, social, political and cultural life and their association with others {Burckhardt et al. 1999 & Joanna Mack}
Case
She suffered physical abuse and dropped out of school at age 14. She had a very rough childhood and spent most of her adolescence either at children’s homes or in foster care. She is currently dealing with drugs and alcohol as well as mental health issues. She has been convicted for assault in the past and her child’s father is in prison for committing murder. Sarah is pregnant again but skeptical about her relationship with her new partner. Sarah’s case is a combination of factors that cut across both poverty and social exclusion. (Preventing social exclusion)
Michael is a ten year old boy from a family with criminal records and has been sent away from his third school. He currently lives with his step father who is unemployed and can’t control Michael’s anti social behavior. Michael drinks and smokes cannabis and he gets £1 dinner money per day .Michael‘s father does not care about him either. (Preventing social exclusion)
The main aim of the coalition government was to create a fair, responsible, and free society. This was not achievable by either the coalition or the conservative government that took over from them.
Poverty Reduction Strategies usually entails issues of good governance, human and economic development. The most functional responses to poverty have been
• Economic Development
• Social Development
• Political Empowerment
This factors improve the living conditions of many people, prevents them from been vulnerable and also gives them the power to pick the issues good for improving their situations. (Sen.2001)
Darton. & Strelitz. (2003) suggest that any social policy to be introduced must consider the distribution of public spending with considerations for regional needs and requirements, addressing capability deprivations, encourage private investments, encourage urban reawakening and also provide goods and services to the public directly. The exclusion rate should be assessed periodically and documented. Policies introduced/reformed to improve the welfare of the society include
Reduction in benefits- a lot of welfare benefits were cut .housing was reduced and the introduction of universal credit came up.
Maternity and care leave-a shared parental leave reform that permits parents to be able to decide and be flexible about how to care for their

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