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Postmodernism and its effects on society
Concept of postmodernism
Theory of intersectionality
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Pouring Postmodernism into the Computer
"I can't define it, but I know it when I see it," has become a standard reply to questions that are hard to answer, now serving as the definition of more than just pornography. Postmodernism seems to at times share this elusive definition. To paraphrase Lyotard, its refusal to take solace in and unified form and conventions are partly responsible for its apparently shapeless definition. Paraphrasing Sherry Turkle, computer culture realizes postmodern concepts, especially a realization of those concepts pertaining to the nature of the self (17-19). For Turkle and others, partaking in chat rooms, creating identities on the computer, and the structure of computer software itself all concretize a previously abstract set of postmodern concepts.
Before summarizing segments of Turkle's Identity in the Age of the Internet, a short background on postmodern concepts of the self is helpful.
Postmodern thought rejects the idea of a deeper self that can be discovered by rationally peeling away surface layers of that self. The idea that truth can be found by this process, on a personal level or in a narrative structure, is a point of contention. As Stephen Frosh says in Social Experience and the Constructed Self, "More generally, postmodernism opposes all tendencies to take refuge in any illusion of wholeness or of received wisdom…" (277). Thus, enlightenment-age scientific approaches to uncover knowledge fall under the "illusion of wholeness and received wisdom." Instead, postmodernism perceives the world through a large network of interconnected but meaningless things and experiences (Frosh, 282).
Frosh's opinion of self and action is also revealing: "…gone is the differentiation between the self and its expression….Meaning does not precede these practices, but is enigmatically created by them…" (280). This is to say that in the writing of a book for example, meaning is produced by the text. The author ceases to be a sort of creator, with a preconceived plan. The book's meaning is transitory, as readers may have several different experiences with a book, regardless of the author's intentions.
Finally comes the idea of the self as a social construct. To make sense of the world around us, some have suggested that the self is created in order to give a reference point for existence. Self-construction gives our lives meaning because it allows us to make sense of what surrounds us. I am me. That house across the street is not me, neither are the people who live in that house.
Biever and Turkle discuss how the Internet can be used as a tool for exploration in a general sense. Firstly, Biever writes, “The couple insists the feelings they have for each other are real and that they were madly in love long before they met face to face” (397). From Biever’s perspective she sees the Internet as an opportunity to meet and explore people’s personality before they actually meet in reality. The ability to express one’s self over the Internet allows for the lessening of awkward situations and physical judgment. Biever then goes on to write, “… communicating online is more conductive to openness than face-to-face rendezvous” (398). Because the Internet offers us the ability to remotely explore people’s feelings and personality as well as taking the awkwardness out of meetings, it allows us to explore people on a deeper level. Biever really sums the feeling of being in a more open and explorable environment on the Internet by quoting Ren Reynolds a virtual-world consultant, “We tend to be more honest, more intimate with people” (398). Secondly, Turkle also talks about exploration in her article, but from the perspective of self-exploration. Turkle w...
Following the Columbine tragedy in 1999, “school systems across the nation introduced the zero-tolerance policies aimed at the curtailment of harmful student behaviors” (Noll, 2014, p. 295). The original focus of the policies was to eliminate the use/carrying of weapons but soon after spread to restricting drugs and medication (2014). By 2006 95% of the U.S. public schools had adopted the zero-tolerance policies and more than half of them reported taking significant action against students, many of which resulted in expulsion (2014). While the zero-tolerance polices were originally welcomed by all members of a community as a means of promoting and keeping a safer environment-- as of late many individuals are questioning the relevance of some actions and some school officials (2014).
Another major reason why juveniles are ending up in the juvenile justice system is because many schools have incorporate the zero tolerance policy and other extreme school disciplinary rules. In response to violent incidents in schools, such as the Columbine High School massacre, school disciplinary policies have become increasingly grave. These policies have been enacted at the school, district and state levels with the hopes of ensuring the safety of students and educators. These policies all rely on the zero tolerance policy. While it is understandable that protecting children and teachers is a priority, it is not clear that these strict policies are succeeding in improving the safety in schools.
The punishment does not always fit the crime. Zero tolerance policies began as a way to protect children from potentially violent situation. Over the years, these policies designed to protect are now doing more harm than good. Children are being punished for simply being children. Zero tolerances policies need to be replaced because these harsh policies have resulted in an increasing number of suspensions, many students harshly punished for minimal offenses, and these policies have a negative impact on students.
...urring in third world countries. The reports also gave facts about the industry and how it is one of the leading industries in the US. The News Media also provides the public with hotlines to call in case they spot anything, the hotlines are also open to those in help. They make the public aware of safe- houses that survivors can be taken to when they escape. My new question is now what happens when you have two media outlets working against each other. The news reports and brings awareness while we have some online sites promote and help the growth on the human trafficking industry. Can anything be done to help decrease how many lives will be ruined, how many parents lie awake at night wondering if their children are alive and well.
Schools inevitably must deal with disciplinary action when it comes to misconduct in students. However, at what point should the courts and law enforcement intervene? “Zero tolerance” policies started as a trend in the school setting during the 1990s in “response to the widespread perception that juvenile violence was increasing and school officials needed to take desperate measures to address the problem” (Aull 2012:182-183). However, national statistics indicated a decrease in juvenile’s share of crime during the influx of zero tolerance policies in schools (National Crime Justice Reference Service 2005).
Postmodernism movement started in the 1960’s, carrying on until present. James Morley defined the postmodernism movement as “a rejection of the sovereign autonomous individual with an emphasis upon anarchic collective anonymous experience.” In other words, postmodernism rejects what has been established and makes emphasis on combined revolutionary experiences. Postmodernism can be said it is the "derivate" of modernism; it follows most of the same ideas than modernism but resist the very idea of boundaries. According to our lecture notes “Dominant culture uses perception against others to maintain authority.”
The North and South in the years 1800 to 1860 were divided into two different territory which showed their different morale and lifestyle. Both factions conflicting ideas towards the issues affecting the nation. The compromise was made impossible by 1860 due to disagreement over states' rights, intense growth in sectionalism and dispute over the morals of slavery. During the time, the north underwent major social, industrial, and economic changes known as the Antebellum Period. The industrial economy took place in the North while the cotton kingdom took place in the South. The southern states wanted to expand slavery to other countries, while the northern states wanted to limit slavery to the South. In the Election of 1860 when Lincoln was elected, he believed slavery was wrong and made efforts to hold the Union together, Attempts such as the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Great Compromise of 1850 to bring reconciliation the North and South were made which led the Tariff/Nullification Controversy. In the early 1800s, the South and North faction made attempts to compromise but f...
The argument in favor only discusses the results within the school community, however, the problem lies also in the community the students live in, both their school and community environments have a great impact on their lives. While it would be better to have both environments working to produce the best individuals; even if the students home communities are not ideal today, these individuals are the future of the community and they are able to reform it. In the argument opposing zero tolerance it is stated that the crime increased within the communities neighboring the schools. I believe that suspension, expulsion, or reporting a minor student to the authority is a cheap way out and reflects poorly on the school and its faculty. No effort is being made to encourage good behavior and rectify bad behavior; that doesn’t happen with kicking students out of school or handing them over to the authorities. Difficult students should be viewed as the most valuable students, a great effort should be made, to include them within the school and to increase their GPA. A lot of times when young people see that an interest in made in them, their wellbeing, their future, and their education, it causes them to care, they begin to believe in themselves and they begin to work towards proving to
Hannabuss, Stuart. "Encyclopedia of Postmodernism." Reference Reviews 15.1 (2001): 9-10. ProQuest. Web. 16 Sep. 2015.
The atrocities of the Belgian Congo and the Holocaust are two of the main events in history that have been responsible for the mass murdering of millions of people. Although these events significantly changed the course of humanity, and the story behind each one is very different, there are significant factors that make them alike as well as different. Many would agree that comparing two atrocities that affected the lives of so many people and gave a 180-degree turn to each of their countries would be something very difficult to achieve. However, by comparing the behavior of both the perpetrators and the victims of both cases we might be able to further understand the lack of morality and the inspiration that led to these awful events. The perpetrators in both atrocities tended to have a similar pattern of behavior when it came to the way they saw their victims. But, they also acted in ways where you can draw the conclusion that one set of events was not inspired by the other. These two sets of atrocities were reported to have a very similar number of victims. However, the Holocaust is one of the most reminded events in history as a period of shame, tragedy and sadness, while many still ignore the atrocities in the Belgian Congo.
Postmodernism it is a complicated term but it can also be interpreted as a set of ideas, it has only emerged as an area of academic study since the mid-1980s. Defining Postmodernism initially can be problematic, because the concept itself relates to many academic disciplines including architecture, art, literature, film, communications, technology, and fashion. The term “postmodernism” emerged in the 1960’s to cope with and reflect the radical changes which have been projected on the nature of knowledge since World War 2. What characterizes the
“Technology is supposed to make our lives easier, allowing us to do things more quickly and efficiently. But too often it seems to make things harder, leaving us with fifty-button remote controls, digital cameras with hundreds of mysterious features.” (James Surowiecki) Whether or not is known, technology has become too heavily relied on. It is replacing important social factors such as, life skills and communication skills. While technology is created to be beneficial, there must be a point in time where we draw the line. Once face-to-face conversations begin to extinguish, this means that there is too much focus on the “screen culture”. In her writing, “Alone Together”, Sherry Turkle talks
Postmodernism is an intellectual movement that promotes itself as the 'antithesis' of modernism, resulting from the intensification, radicalization, or transformation of the processes of modernity. (Barfield, 368) The term was introduced in the late 1940's, however, the turn towards, if not the origin of postmodernism in anthropology, can be traced to a single publication: Writing Culture (1986). It consisted of contributions from nine scholars, edited by Clifford and Marcus, and attempted to sketch out the basic premise of the postmodern perspective. (Harris, 153) Anthropologist are forced to contend with the changes created by postmodernism in a variety of ways, beginning with the challenge to anthropological authority. It is felt by many that it is incredibly arrogant for anthropologists to assume that they have both the capacity and mandate to dissect, interpret and describe the lives of people in other cultures, given the power and wealth imbalance of the colonial past, leaving the 'other' unable to speak for him/herself. This argument finds itself in the whole 'West vs.
The postmodern theory has been broadly discussed in the works of Jean Baudrillard and Frederic Jameson. Baudrillard refers to postmodernism as a world that is inhabited by all human beings. He relates postmodernism to technology, primitivism, simulation and the hyper-real. He traces postmodernism from the France of 1960s. In his postmodern theory, Baudrillard criticizes the society and culture. According to him, the society has become so reliant on technology and lost touch with the real world. The real has been substituted by imitations of the real. This substitution has made it difficult to differentiate between the real and the artificial “real” world. Baudrillard explains the loss of reality through simulacra, something that substitutes reality through representation. He cites Watergate and Disneyland as examples of simulacra.