Post-modernism noun a movement in the arts that takes many features of Modernism to new and more playful extremes, rejecting Modernism's tendency towards nihilistic pessimism and replacing it with a more comfortable acceptance of the solipsistic nature of life. There is also an inclination towards mishievous self-referentiality and witty intertextualizing. postmodernist noun, adj.
A worldview characterized by the belief that truth doesn’t exist in any objective sense but is created rather than discovered.”… Truth is “created by the specific culture and exists only in that culture. Therefore, any system or statement that tries to communicate truth is a power play, an effort to dominate other cultures.
Allusions to Shakespeare, in particular, are numerous in English literature, but also simply in
the press, who keep turning out titles with more or less oblique allusions to literary titles and catch-phrases. This
is called intertextuality. The intertext is that part or that region of texts that overlap, the border zone by which
texts are coterminous with one another.
intertextuality noun, literary criticism 1 the extent to which particular text, play, film, work of art, etc makes use of references or allusions to another work or works. 2 the use of this technique by an author, director, artist, text, etc.
ULIKS-The comparative ease of reading this novel in 1922 to a more current attempt is a result of the smaller size of the canon in 1922. To a late twentieth century reader the intertextuality of Ulysses seems impossibly immense, but a catalogue of these allusions will reveal that their sources are very specific. Ulysses primarily references Homer, Plato and Aristotle, the Bible, Augustine, Aquinas, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton. This is by no means a definitive list, but it contains all the most prominent works, and it is quite short. These were naturally the books which were well-known in detail to anyone well-educated in the English speaking world, and so to a reader educated in this period, the references would have been far more accessible. On the other hand, today education is no longer so standardized; these works remain, but interest in them has waned. New canons have arisen to accompany this more traditional one. Colonial and post-colonial writers, women writers, feminist writers, African-American writers, writers of queer theory, to name only a few, have all been recognized and added to various canons, until education in the English-speaking world no longer guarantees a detailed knowledge of the same very specific canon.
An example of intertextuality is in West Side Story. Although this is a play, I could connect it back to Romeo and Juliet. The musical is a modern day version of the Shakespeare book, so there was a lot of intertextuality between the two. When watching the play, I noticed that two gangs have always been enemies and are fighting for control over the area. This is much like the on going battle between the Capulets and Montagues. Knowing this helped me see the rivalry between the two gangs. On top of this, one of the gang members falls in love with a rival’s sister. Again, having read Romeo and Juliet,I could relate this part to it. The both have the same theme of wanting something you can’t have. Another example
These intentional references to Penelope’s blindness, a traditionally diminishing character trait, thus call us to read more deeply in order to understand the importance of the recurring motif. By digging into this construction within Penelope, we suddenly begin to see her not only as a tool for modern feminism in the retelling of stories, but also as a powerful lens through which to re-envision the original work and to view the dialogue between the pretext and the revision. The necessary examination of blindness in “Ulysses Embroidered” compels the audience to seek the theme out in different manners in the pretext, this time looking more pointedly at blindness on the side of Ulysses as we turn from discussion of an old blind woman to a man “made weak by time and fate” (Tennyson 69). Together, Waddington and Tennyson’s words underline Ulysses’ own blindness: myopia and ignorance toward his reality, whether it be to his fate or his family. As is most evident in the Tennyson work, Ulysses is so incredibly war driven that instead of enjoying the life that his battles have struggled for, he regards even death as a battle to be fought, looking to voyage into the terrain of Hades “to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield” (Tennyson 70).
In How to Read Literature like a Professor one of the new literary skills I learned was intertextuality. Intertextuality is a connection between different literary sources, such as “the ongoing interactions between poems and stories” (Foster 29). Similar to intertextuality, the
In Ithaca, the depth of Joyce's irony is displayed. The denouement of this odyssey is perfect for this story, while at the same time leaving us with the exact opposite of the resolution in the tale the book proclaims to emulate. Odysseus' public apotheosis parallels Bloom's private shame. The concise question and answer format which Ithaca adopts, found no where else in the book, is refereed to by many critics as reminiscent of a catechism. The description is well deserved given the overt religious themes in Ulysses. The almost mathematical precision of the text in juxtaposed with gut wrenching emotion surrounding infidelity. The parallels that one can draw between the characters of Ulysses and the Odyssey are perhaps the deepest in Ithaca while the themes and undertones of the work drift further apart.
Postmodernism can be defined as a rejection of the idea that there are certain unequivocal truths or grand narratives (such as capitalism, faith or science) and as a belief that there are multiple ways of understanding anything, whether it be it culture, philosophy, art, literature, films, etc, or even television... Television reflects the mass-produced society we live in and certain shows exhibit many of the archetypes of postmodernism that have become prevalent in other art forms. Postmodernism can be useful for understanding contemporary television it can help us to relate to the ever-changing world we live in. Television shows like ABC’s Lost (ABC, 2004-2010) dabble in matters of intertextuality, questioning of grand narratives and, amongst others, a manipulation of time through use of flashbacks, flash-forwards and, uniquely to Lost, the flash-sideways.
This chapter is all about ulysses and the explanations of his wondrous powers. It explains his true meanings of his abilities and what he deals with. I hope you enjoy this book! Chapter 1: GETTING TO KNOW THE CHARACTERS
Upon first reading Ulysses by James Joyce, it may seem as though Joyce is creating chaos, but to read this text without looking deeper into it does not do it justice. Each word on the page is significant to understanding the novel as a whole, and it is when one reads the text with this in mind that its true significance emerges. It also helps to have knowledge of Homer’s epic the Odyssey. Without at least some familiarity with the original epic poem, Ulysses becomes impossible to fully grasp. The other tool to understanding it is familiarity with Modernist thought and theory, as framed in the wake of World War I. Though the novel takes place before the War, it was published in 1922, just a few years after the War ended. The chaos and senseless loss of life that occurred left a deep impact on the psyche of those that lived through it, and it was the writers and artists who demonstrated this. In his essay on Ulysses, “Ulysses, Order, and Myth,” T. S. Eliot states: “I hold this book to be the most important expression which the present age has found,” (Ellmann and Feidelson 680). Eliot realizes the importance of the novel and the role that it fulfills in the Modernist literature tradition. Ulysses is a completely Modernist text, and it becomes possible to understand the Modernist view of mythology through reading it.
Post modernism is a very difficult concept to define. A French philosopher once defined post modernism as an "incredulity toward all meta narratives," which basically means a skeptical attitude toward all claims of absolute truth. Post modern writers use elements and techniques that provoke the reader to question their reading experience and scrutinize their own personal understanding of life and the values of their society. There are excellent examples of post modern writers using elements of post modern writing, such as irony, magic realism and fragmentation in the short stories read in Ms. Reynolds's English 4U class. The use of post modern elements in these short stories forces the reader to further their reading experience by going more in depth into the writing and figuring out how the story is significant to them and their view on the world.
Postmodernism literally means after-modernism and is used to describe the period of time we currently are in which is after the age of modernism. Premoderns placed their trust in authority. Moderns lost their confidence in authority and placed it in human reason instead. Postmoderns kept the modern distrust of authority but lost their trust in reason and have ...
“Hypertext [fiction] would be … where the reader would create the narrative by clicking on links and following different story lines, like the old “choose your own adventure” children’s books. The work itself would be less like a narrative in the strict sense of the word, and more like an environment.” (Johnson, 205)
'Ulysses' is both a lament and an inspiring poem. Even modern readers who are not so familiar with the classics, can visualize the heroic legend of Ulysses, and so is not prepared for what he finds in the poem— not Ulysses the hero but Ulysses the man.
Postmodernism attempts to call into question or challenge the notion of a single absolute unified master narrative without simply replacing it with another. It is a paradoxical, recursive, and problematic method of critique.
Post impressionism is a term that is used to describe a group of late-19th century and early-20th century artists whose work helped art transition into a new era. These artist defied the naturalism of the Impressionist to explore color, line, and form. This rebellion led to the development of Expressionism. Generally, the approaches were so varied that it is difficult just to focus on one artist and their technique.
With the end of colonialism and the emergence of a seemingly new world order, there raised a demand that research be useful and relevant, indicating that knowledge for its own sake was insufficient. As a result of this, what emerged was a new focus on 'development' and 'modernization' in the form of postmodernism. In these changing times, anthropology has come into contact with a variety of evolving concepts, including hybridity, montage, fluidity, and deconstruction. The question remains, how these concepts reflect the social, cultural and political changes that are occurring in study of anthropology today.
Ulysses is a classical hero who reappears in the literary work of great poets such as Homer and Tennyson. During the Victorian era, Alfred Lord Tennyson was one of the most famous poets in England, he even held Britain’s prestigious position of Poet Laureate. Tennyson began writing during a period in which duty and conformity were traits that distinguished the middle class from the lower class. In a two-volume collection of “Poems,” Tennyson writes “Ulysses” after the death of a close friend, Arthur Henry Hallam. Hallam inspired the character Ulysses, while the loss of the special friendship influenced the tone of the piece. The Ancient Greek hero describes his loathing of regal position and desire to travel before his impending death. Amongst the underlying grief, Tennyson utilized the poetic form of dramatic monologue to protest the social values of the era. In the poem “Ulysses,” Tennyson expresses his view on the need for individual assertion and rebellion against bourgeois conformity, the result is the development of a very self-righteous character that places more value on himself than the external world.