The Portuguese immigrated to Canada around the 19th century. It all started in the year 1953, when a group of Portuguese pioneers immigrated to Canada (Moura, 2003). Once the first couple of Portuguese pioneers crossed the ocean to immigrate into Canada, others followed and sort of started a wave. However, in 1957 a volcano erupted, known as the Capelinhos, which end up making Portuguese families and pioneers move to North America (Morrison & James, 2009), because the living conditions had changed. Many Portuguese people immigrated to Canada in order to make a better living, looking for a job for them to survive and to not serve the war. This paper will discuss the Portuguese minority ethnic group in Canada, and to take a further look into details. It will discuss the Portuguese arrival into Canada, and the statistical characteristics of the Portuguese population in Canada. It will also mention the number of Portuguese that there are, where they settled when they first arrived into Canada, problems they encountered in regard to prejudice and lastly converse about whether or not they had any presence in the criminal justice system.
Portuguese came to Canada for numerous of reasons. The first reason is for political factors such as the increase of fascism in Portugal. Secondly, for the economical factors such as “relocating for work such as whaling and fishing, and later farming, textile, and leather factory work” (Morrison & James, 2009). The intriguing aspect about Portuguese families immigrating to Canada is that most of the husbands immigrated firstly into Canada before their wives. The reason being why they immigrated to Canada before their wives was to help start a life in Canada for their own family. Towards the 1950’s and 1...
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...tated that the Portuguese ethnicity students have definitely increased (Higgs, 1990). This comes to conclude that even though Portuguese people had a hard time when they first got to Canada, stuff have definitely changed now a days as they are living the life they imagined they would once they would leave Portugal.
Works Cited
Fagundes, F. (2007). Charles Reis Felix's "Through a Portagee Gate": Lives Parceled Out in Stories. Melus, 32(2), 151-163.
Higgs, D. (1990). Portuguese migration in global perspective. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario.
Morrison, M., & James, S. (2009). Portuguese Immigrant Families: The Impact of Acculturation. Family Process, 48(1), 151-166. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01273.x
Moura, M. d., & Soares, I. (2003). Pionniers: l'avant-garde de l'immigration portuguaise : Canada 1953. MontreÌal: M. de Almeida Moura.
In the year 1957, Canada elected its first Prime minister without English or French root, John Diefenbaker. While growing up in the city of Toronto, because of his German name, he was often teased. [1] He grew up as an outcast, and so he was able to relate to the discrimination and inequality many of the minorities in Canada felt. This essay will attempt to answer the question: To what extent did Prime Minister John Diefenbaker help promote equality to the minority communities. . The minorities in this time period were the women, aboriginals, and immigrants. During his time as the Prime Minister, he was able to help protect the rights of this group because many of their rights were being abused by the society. Diefenbaker also helped the minorities to stand up for themselves and other groups. Diefenbaker was able to bring positive change to the minority communities by making an official Bill of Rights and appointing people of discriminated groups to the parliament while other members did not.
The period of 1914 to 1939, Canada’s immigration policy got very unfair. Changes were made to the Immigration Act in 1914 that allowed the rejection of anyone from any race that was deemed unsuitable for Canada’s requirements. Also, in that same year, the Komagata Maru came to the coast of Vancouver. It was a ship that carried many from Punjab, India. The ship wasn’t allowed to dock and passengers weren’t allowed to disembark off the ship. The ship hadn’t sailed directly to B.C. from India so only 24 passengers were allowed to disembark; most of them were doctors or Canadian citizens already. Another act to keep out unwanted immigrants from Canada was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923. This act came into effect on July 1st, 1923. It banned all Chinese immigrants from entering Canada, except merchants, diplomats and foreign students. Before the Chinese Exclusion Act was put into place, the Chinese had to pay a head tax of $500 just to get into the country. The numbers of Japanese immigrants were also restricted. The Canadian government restricted only 150 Japanese immigrants to come to Canada in a year. In 1925, the government relaxed restrictions on immigrants coming from many countrie...
Robert, Jean-Claude, Dr. "Immigration Acts (1866 - 2001)." Canada in the Making. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec. 2013. .
“The Hero’s Journey.” Ariane Publications, 1997. Course handout. AS English I. Dept. of English, Woodside High School. 26 October 2013.
Systemic discrimination has been a part of Canada’s past. Women, racial and ethnic minorities as well as First Nations people have all faced discrimination in Canada. Policies such as, Charter of Rights and Freedoms, provincial and federal Human Rights Codes, as well has various employment equity programs have been placed in Canada’s constitution to fight and address discrimination issues. Despite these key documents placed for universal rights and freedoms Aboriginal and other minority populations in Canada continue to be discriminated against. Many believe there is no discrimination in Canada, and suggest any lack of success of these groups is a result of personal decisions and not systemic discrimination. While others feel that the legislation and equality policies have yet resulted in an equal society for all minorities. Racism is immersed in Canadian society; this is clearly shown by stories of racial profiling in law enforcement.
Fleras, Augie. “Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: Repairing the Relationship.” Chapter 7 of Unequal Relations: An Introduction to Race, Ethnic and Aboriginal Dynamics in Canada. 6th ed. Toronto: Pearson, 2010. 162-210. Print.
McLauhin A.., 1905, ‘The problem of Immigration’, The popular science monthly, U.S Public Health and Marine Hospital Service Washington D.C.
The first Italian visits to Canada began within the 14th century under the French regime and Newfoundland under England’s purpose to explore and claim lands and missionary work for Italians. Particularly in Montreal, Italian migration can be traced since the late 1800s although there were already few hundred Italian artists and tradesmen before then. The first wave of Italian migrants to this city began in the late 1900’s until after the first World War. Most of them came from Southern Italian region of Calabria, Molise, Campagnia and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. During the 18th to 19th century is the start of early settlers in Canada. A short period from early to middle of the 19th century has stopped the stream of immigration due to immigration policies being passed that is unfavourable to immigrants from Southern and Eastern Euroope. After the second world war until the early 70’s came the biggest wave of emigrants while from 1972 to the present time, began the decline in immigration. The Italians face obstacles that made it difficult for them to migrate to Canada.
More immigration lead to racism and fear among both English Canadians who believed immigrants were taking away their jobs and French Canadians who feared that immigrants may potentially dominate their culture. These misconceptions and fears lead the Canadian government to declare new regulations that restricted the immigration of Asian and eastern, and southern European descents as well as Jewish immigrants. Canada gave more preference to descendants of both Britain and Western Europe. Policies were then developed to grant access to the best immigrants (as it was called) who were mainly whites that possessed a wealth of skills and benefits but to exclude the non whites who we...
Every year, over 250,000 people make Canada their new home. Attracted by its education system, economy and universal healthcare system, there are few other places in the world like it. All Canadians are guaranteed equality before the law and equality of opportunity, regardless of where they are from. However, some might argue that Canadian policy has not been put into practice as well as it should be. Is the concept of true equality a far-fetched idea? It seems that Canada has taken great measures to promote the integration of immigrants socially, but can the same be said for their integration economically? Politically? To judge whether or not Canada has been successful at promoting the integration of immigrants in these realms, a deeper understanding of Canadian policy must be considered.
...to identity with at least one of the countries predominate languages, English or French, dictated the degree in which they could participate in Canadian life. According to the Commission, this participation was real under two conditions: “that both societies, the French-speaking as well as the English-speaking, accept[ed] newcomers much more rapidly than they have done in the past; and that the two societies willingly allow other groups to preserve and enrich, if they so desire, the cultural values they prize[d]” (RCBB Book 1 xxv). It creates an interesting take on the acceptance of those “othered” groups, as change was necessary not only on the part of the minorities but also from Canada’s French and English-speakers. The Commissions work remains focused on language and culture, more so than ethnicity amongst a bilingual, bicultural and “othered” Canadian society.
Do you know that despite Canada being called multicultural and accepting, Canada’s history reveals many secrets that contradicts this statement? Such an example are Canadian aboriginals, who have faced many struggles by Canadian society; losing their rights, freedoms and almost, their culture. However, Native people still made many contributions to Canadian society. Despite the efforts being made to recognize aboriginals in the present day; the attitudes of European Canadians, acts of discrimination from the government, and the effects caused by the past still seen today have proven that Canadians should not be proud of Canada’s history with respect to human rights since 1914. First, is because of the attitudes of European Canadians towards aboriginals, which were mostly cruel and inhumane.
Mclntyre, Tobi. "History of Canadian immigration policy : Canadian Geographic Magazine January/February 2001." History of Canadian immigration policy : Canadian Geographic Magazine January/February 2001. 2001. 19 Nov. 2013 .
Similar to other marginalized groups affected by colonialism due to the government in power, the Indigenous peoples of Canada have struggled as a nation due to the unequal treatment they have encountered in the past. The governing bodies that control these Indigenous communities have continued to have colonialistic tendencies that attempt to put the ‘white man’s’ needs before the Indigenous peoples.
The Portuguese culture has always been an interest to me because as a little girl I have grown up with Portuguese neighbors. To get a better insight of the Portuguese culture, I asked my neighbor, Mrs Pinto, several questions about her Portuguese culture. Mrs. Pinto was in Lisbon, Portugal during the 1940's and then later moved to Angola, Africa as a little girl with her parents. During the late 1970's, she moved to the United States to start a new life with her husband and two daughters.