Bangladesh is a small country of only about 147,570 square kilometers (Population Census, 2009), but its social and cultural life is so diverse that the land has been seen as a paradise by many social scientists. Bangladesh is ranked the eighth most populous country in the world, having 148.5 million people, but occupying only one 3000th part of the world‟s land space (Mabud, 2008). In a regional context, South Asian countries including Bangladesh comprise one quarter of the world‟s population, having 1.5 billion people, and contribute 24 per cent to its annual increase of 80 million people (ibid, 2008).
The density of population in Bangladesh was approximately 720 per square kilometer and 843 per square kilometer in 1991 and 2001 respectively. It had increased to 993 per square kilometer by 2009. The ratio of the sexes is 104.8 males to 100 females (Population Census, 2009). The literacy rate, obtained from the 2001 census, was 46.20 per cent for that part of the population aged seven and above. The percentage of Muslims in the population was 89.6, while the percentages of
Gender and Social exclusion/inclusion Chapter 1
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Hindus, Buddhists and Christians were 9.3, 0.6 and 0.3 respectively (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2007). Bangladesh is well known for the ethnic homogeneity of its population, because over 98 per cent of the people are Bengalis, predominantly Bangla speaking people. However, there are more than 49 ethnic communities that live all over Bangladesh and constitute roughly 2 per cent of the total population. Since there have been no ethnographic surveys of the indigenous people of Bangladesh, it is very difficult to present an accurate count of their number (Biennial Conference of IPRA, 2006). Therefore, Uddin (2...
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...egorized four types of households: always poor, never poor, ascending households, and descending households. First, the „always poor‟ or „chronic poor‟ group who remained poor through both periods constituted 31 per cent of the sampled households; second, the „never poor‟, who stayed out of poverty through both the periods, represented 25 per cent; third, the „ascending households‟ were the ones who escaped from poverty, and these represented 26 per cent of the households; and finally, the „descending households‟, who descended into poverty, represented 18 per cent of the sample. The difference of eight per cent between the share of the „ascending‟ and the „descending‟ households is the net change in poverty during this period. The study again confirms that mobility among the poor and vulnerable is far greater than the net aggregate poverty changes at national level.
98.8% of the population is made up of ethnic Somalis (Kraus). Other minority groups include Arabs, Indians, Italians, and Pakistanis. Most Somalis are nomadic or semi nomadic herders of livestock. The rest are either crop farmers or inhabitants of the few urban centers. The official languages of the country are Somali and Arabic and the state religion is Islam (“Somalian People”).
The most widely used poverty measures of Foster-Greer- Thorbecke (FGT) do not show when poverty might be eliminated. But, in this section we will try to answer for the question how long are they going to stay in poverty? following Morduch, (1998) approach which is based on Watts poverty index and FGT class of poverty measures. Morduch shows that a simple linear transformation of the Watts index gives it cardinal properties that can be useful as well.
Poverty in the United States is one of many difficult problems handled today. In 2010, 15.1% of the American population was living below the poverty threshold. But, how did the government calculate the poverty rate? The United States government uses the Orshansky poverty thresholds, which uses family budgets to determine if the family is above or below the poverty threshold. The current United States poverty measure is an absolute, headcount measure using family income as its scale of resources. However, many would agree that the poverty measure is flawed and that the poverty measure overstates how many people are really in poverty. This is a problem because resources government programs uses to help the poor can unevenly distribute. Therefore, I would like to propose a different poverty measure. In this paper, I would like to argue for a poverty intensity measure that is relative, with earnings capacity as the scale of resources and counts the household as the unit of analysis. First, I will discuss more about the flawed U.S. poverty measure; second, I will explain the four components necessary for poverty measures; third, I will make my proposal against the current measure and conclude about the two poverty measures.
In addition, From database and registers, they also gathered other information that might affect the study result, such as mother’s age at child’s birth, educational level, and occupation class. These info was regarded as potential confounders which will be adjusted in the data analysis. To the figure on the right, on the top is the total raw sample size, they ruled out children who were not native born, or those who had parents born outside
...herefore the choice we make as individuals, such as how we spend our earnings, etc. creates the class society place us in. We all desire to keep our family members safe, protected, educated, healthy and happy. The decrease in income may suggest other family members to interrupt their education and seek employment. Income decrease may also separate your family unity, because adjusting to change for some people is unthinkable. If small mid age children are in the family, this may cause them to commit crimes due to materialistic desires. Overall poverty may exist, and there is help for people, but people are in control to their destiny.
Hossain, Kamrul. "In search of equality: marriage related laws for Muslim women in Bangladesh." Journal of International Women's Studies 5.1 (2003): 96+. Global Issues In Context
No one wants to be poor. We do not want to live in a humble house and worry about our daily necessities. However, we were determined to be rich or poor since we were born. Many people work hard to overcome poverty, but it is not easy. That’s why intergenerational poverty is a common issue around the world. Upward mobility means raising from a lower social class to a higher social class. The reasons of small upward mobility —rising from lower class to middle class— are the government’s tax preference and spending are favoring the wealth, managers earning much more than workers and the mainstream culture rarely covers the life of working class.
The main religion in this country is Roman Catholicism, about 65% of the Guatemalan population are catholic and 43% adheres to the denomination of Protestant Christianity. But also, many inhabitants combine catholic beliefs with traditional Mayan rites. According to Nation Encyclopedia, “the largest Protestant denominations are the Assembly of God, the Church of God of the Complete Gospel, and the Prince of Peace Church. Other denominations represented are Presbyterians, Baptists, Lutherans, Episcopalians, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, and Jehovah’s Witnesses”. The minority groups include Muslims, followers of the Indian spiritual leader “Sri Sathya Sai Baba” and
In this era of enormous turmoil, this paper will explore the impact of change on the lower class. Poverty has been defined as the state of not having enough money to take care of basic needs such as food, clothing, and housing, (Encarta Dictionary
Bangladesh is a proud nation built on the foundation of a rich literary tradition and history. As they finally one their independence from Pakistan in 1971 after many years of struggle, the masses of people that once made East Pakistan and East Bengal cheered as they finally gained their independence. As this youngest nation of South Asia was free to chart their own destination, with high hopes of becoming a better nation. But soon all those high hopes and expectations were gone, and Bangladesh soon drowned into a pool of poverty. For an average ...
Blackburn, L. McKinley “International Comparison of Poverty.” The American Economic Review. Academic search complete. Web. 10, September 2015. The author gives us an idea of the different poverty levels that exist around the world. By doing this, the author helps you comprehend poverty, how it works, and the level of poverties in many societies. The author states, “In this paper, I use the household level data on annual income to make comparisons of the level of poverty in 11 industrialized nations in the mid 1980’s” (371). The author supports their information by using equations, charts, graphs, and uses six recourses.
As we have seen so far, social inequality and exclusion is a vital part in the process of understanding poverty. The state of a few sections of society has a long drawn relation to the social norms that have been imposed upon them centuries ago. Other areas such as education, employment and healthcare are also constituent reasons of a wider definition of poverty.
...low a comprehensive investigation in order to identify and map key references i.e. Constitution of Bangladesh, National Energy Policy, National Development Plan, socio-economic profile of the people in Khagrachari District in CHT. On the other hand Focus Group Discussion, Individual Observation and one-to-one interview will be conducted to prepare cases studies. The study will be both descriptive and explanatory in nature. Descriptive method will be used to identify what, when and where type questions which will try to find out the genesis and development of socioeconomic and political encapsulation of indigenous people in Bangladesh and its impacts on the planning and implementation of development plan in Bangladesh. The exploratory method will find out how and why indigenous people resist such policy and why can’t the conflict mediated in a win-win situation.
There is also a small Muslim populations in the Northeast part of the country. The majority of Muslim people immigrated into the country. Most of are Asian descent with some also from the Middle East. There are several mosques located throughout the country. The immigrants into the country also make up very small Hindu and Buddhist
Social issues are problems in the society today that are described as wrong, widespread and changeable. A category of conditions that people believe need to be changed. Poverty is a serious social issue in the society today. According to Peilin (2012), poverty brings hardships to families and individuals as well as political thereby negatively affecting the social stability and social development and posing a severe threat to human security (p. 243). This paper focuses on poverty as a social issue in today’s society. First, it gives a succinct introduction of the social issue, and then describes how it fits into the field of sociology. It also evaluates the sociological theories and terminology that relate to the social issue. The section that follows evaluates what is known and unknown about the particular social issue. This is followed by a discussion regarding the value of sociological research into the issue determining the available or possible practical implications of the sociological inquiry. The information presented here is strongly supported by the concepts and theories derived from reliable sources.