Population Growth in Brazil
Population growth is one of the most significant global problems currently faced by humanity. About a quarter of the world’s population suffers from malnutrition, and over 10 million people die of starvation each year. This misery is concentrated in the Third World countries. Ninety percent of the world’s population growth until 2030 is projected to occur in the Third World countries. (Giddeons, 484). The gruesome film, “Brazil, The Gathering Millions”, illustrates the governing factors of population patterns: fertility, mortality, and migration.
Migration usually has the greatest impact on the population change in small geographic areas and where there is little or no natural increase from the excess of births over deaths. Massive urban development is occurring in Third World countries. Ideally when we think of people “moving” we think of people responding to a life cycle change such as marriage or leaving a parental home, however people of non-industrialized societies are drawn to cities in the Third World either because their traditional systems of rural production have disintegrated or because the urban areas offer better job opportunities. Migrants crowd into squatters zones on the fringes of the city.
A major factor of the demographic changeover is the fact that the majority of the population migrating is less than fifteen years old. Even though (throughout the transition) there has been a drop in the mortality rate, the birth rate remains high. This combination has produced a completely different age structure in Brazil compared to more industrialized societies. In Brazil, fifty percent of the population is less than fifteen years old. The imbalanced age distribution adds to their social and economic difficulties. The disproportionate number of young people is reason why the population will continue to grow even if the birth rate should fall.
Fertility remains high in Third World societies because traditional attitudes to family size have been maintained. Having large numbers of children is often still regarded as desirable, providing a source of labor for the family. Within the group of women of reproductive ages, younger women have higher birth rates than older women thus; a female population with a significantly high proportion of young women will produce more children. Religion also plays a role in the fertility factor in the way that the Catholic Church (whose influence is especially marked in South and Central America) opposes the use of contraception.
Not only did this film open my eyes to the demographic transition process of the non- industrialized society, but I was also made aware of the Western influence on the conditions of the Third World.
This essay will discuss the issue of migration. Migration is movement by humans from one place to another. There are two types of migration, it is immigration and emigration. Immigration is movement by people into the country and emigration is movement by humans, who want two leave countries voluntary or involuntary. Economic, religious, education social and problems are reasons of migration. Mankind often migrates to modern, rich, multicultural countries, towns with high economy and good standard of living such as Prague, Germany, London, Los-Angeles, New York and shanghai. I would like to draw on the city Shanghai.
As a result, Brazil's population is intermingled to a degree that is unseen elsewhere. Most Brazilians possess some combination of European, African, Amerindian, Asian, and...
In the 1500s Pedro Alvares Cabral landed on Brazil, previously a inhabited by tribal nations, and claimed the land in the name of Portugal. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until September 7, 1822 when it declared its independence becoming the Empire of Brazil making the nation a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. In early 1964, a Military junta took control of the nation until it fell in 1985 further changing the structure of the nation, and finally in 1988 a formal constitution was created enacting 26 states encompassing its boarders. Throughout the history of Brazil, the nation was never able to fully immerse itself in the international market and expand its economy, until today. Latin America has not had the best of luck when it comes to economic development and many nations in Latin America have similar issues when it comes to economic and societal development, and many of these issues are cause by the same things. For example, before the military coup in 1964 Brazil was in massive amounts of debt to international partners, however, during the military rule the payment of this debt was halted so the trust and economic backing of countries stopped with the payments. Many plans have been enacted after the fall of the military control to reverse the economic downfall that occurred in the country and continent in the 20th century and especially in the 1980s, the lost decade. In Brazil alone, there have been at least seven economic plans to reverse the economic hardships of the country, from the Cruzado Plan to the Real Plan, none seemed to work. However, in the past decade the Brazilian economy has seen an amazing increase and the condition of life of the people in the nation has increased with it. The quest...
Brazil, the largest country on the continent of South America, has historically been seen as the underdog socially, politically, and especially economically. Referred to as “the country of the future… and always will be” by many Brazilians and those who know the country best, the country has not always been a beacon of hope for Latin America as it is today (Weyland, pg 64). Brazil has many unique qualities when compared to many of its Latin American counterparts. While much of Latin America has wrestled with its Spanish colonial past, Brazil has been much more diplomatic and tolerant of its Portuguese colonial past. With such a vast amount of natural resources and territory, Brazil has had the advantage of being relatively self-sufficient when it needed to, but also being able to develop into one of the busiest and prosperous trading nations in Latin America. With frequent political transitions throughout its 500 year history, and experiencing periods of oppression and totalitarianism, Brazil has managed to overcome and move past the scars of its dictatorial past. This is in part due to its fortunate avoidance of ruthless and violent dictators in the style of Pinochet in Chile, Peron in Argentina, Castro in Cuba, and Fujimori in Peru, just to name a few. In this research paper, I will briefly describe an overview of Brazil’s present political circumstances while also touching on a few key factors that have aided its development, in addition to in-depth analyses of the country’s history through three main phases. I will also make philosophical connections to explain and put into proper perspective the events that have shaped Brazil into the country it is today.
Brazil is both the largest and most populous country in South America. It is the 5th largest country worldwide in terms of both area (more than 8.5 Mio. km2 ) and habitants (appr. 190 million). The largest city is Sao Paulo which is simultaneously the country's capital; official language is Portuguese. According to the WorldBank classification for countries, Brazil - with a GDP of 1,5 bn. US $ in 2005 and a per capita GPD of appr. 8.500 US - can be considered as an upper middle income country and therefore classified as an industrializing country, aligned with the classification as one of the big emerging markets (BEM) next to Argentina and Mexico. Per capita income is constantly increasing as well as literacy rate (current illiteracy rate 8%). Due to its high population rate (large labour pool), its vast natural resources and its geographical position in the centre of South America, it bears enormous growth potential in the near future. Aligned with an increasing currency stability, international companies have heavily invested in Brazil during the past decade. According to CIA World Factbook, Brazil has the 11th largest PPP in 2004 worldwide and today has a well established middle income economy with wide variations in levels of development. Thus, today Brazil is South America's leading economic power and a regional leader.
Historically, this includes Brazil’s economic focus on extracting and exporting natural resources supported by slave labor, a system which benefitted the few landowners and created long lasting racial problems. With the waves of immigrants in the 20th century and the beginning of the modern era, economic successes and failures were more policy-related than societal as Brazil’s southeast industrialized. Leaders initiated import-substitution strategies that led to a protectionist and industry-heavy environment (as opposed to an agricultural past), with a relatively high amount of government involvement in the marketplace. In the last 20 years, the results of this past are reflected in modern income inequality that is high and persistent over time. Some examples include regressive public transfers like pensions for senior officials which makes up the major...
DeParle, J. (2010, June 25). Global Migration: A World Ever More on the Move. The New
Samuel Seium. Brazilians started to immigrant to the United States of America in large numbers during the 1980s. The main reason for the immigration has been over economic reasons because in America they can receive higher wages and a lower cost of living. Brazil’s economy is now one of the most successful in the world. However, In America, a Brazilian can make four times more money working the same job. Brazilians were also interested in being able to increase their savings accounts in America so they can live comfortably during retirement. More people in Brazil are receiving a college education than ever before. However, the job market in Brazil has not grown to include these graduates so the market is leaving many qualified individuals struggling
A growing population can mean two very different things for a developing nation versus an already developed nation. For example, in developing nations many people live off of less than a dollar a day, with multiple mouths to feed, clothe, and shelter, poverty remains a large looming reality for many people living within underdeveloped nations. Sernau explains these realities, “One billion of the world’s people are in abject poverty, earning less than the equivalent of a dollar a day (see Collier 2007, The Bottom Billion). The United Nations places this group in the category of “extreme poverty.” Another billion earn less than $2 a day, enough to escape starvation but not enough to move out of poverty” (Sernau 21). However, population rates continue to grow throughout developing nations while these same rates continue to drop within already developed nations. Meaning that
The Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral arrived at present day Pôrto Seguro (Safe Harbor) in the state of Bahia on the Brazilian coast in April 1500 and named the new territory Ilha de Vera Cruz, Island of the True Cross, thinking he was on an island. A year later, Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci sailed to Brazil on a voyage commissioned by the Portuguese crown and returned home with a cargo of hard, reddish wood. The wood was similar to an East Indian variety called pau brasil, which was then popular in Europe for making cabinets and violin bows. Pau brasil (brazilwood), the first product to be exploited by the Portuguese in this new territory, is the origin of the country's name, Brazil (Ramaworldtours.com, 2014). Brazil is characterized by a diverse culture and geography, and historically it has been the source of important natural resources in its 510 years of history. It is the largest country in South America in both population (approximately199.321 million- “World Population Statistics”) and area (8.5 million square kilometers) and 5th largest country in the world. Brazil has several regional variations, and in spite of being mostly unified by a single language, some regions are so different from each other that they could have become different countries altogether. Brazil is composed by multicultural mixture: Africans, Europeans and Native Americans formed the bulk of Brazilian culture. This fact influences arts, literature, music or gastronomy, creating a heterogeneous mix of habits and patterns in society. (Noble J., Chandler G., & Clark G., 2008) Bossa Nova, Carnival and samba are some of the most popular exponents of this heterogeneous and rich culture. Brazil was colonized by the Por...
Brazil, also known as The Land of Happiness, is one of the most diverse countries in the world, both in its people and its geography. This exotic country has a rich history stretching from prehistoric times through a minorly turbulent colonization period to what is now a thriving modern culture. Brazil boasts what many people consider to be one of the most varied and interesting geographies on the planet. As is typical for the South American continent, Brazil is home to a largely patriarchal society. As far as the issue of water is concerned the country is fortunate enough to be home to the largest supply of fresh water in the world, the Amazon River. Brazil is a melting pot of mixed stages of development that range from highly advanced to the very definition of poverty. South America’s largest country is known far and wide for its globally acclaimed cuisine. Due to their exports to many branches of the culinary industry Brazil is also remarkably globalized. The county’s many metropolises also account for the fact that it is highly urbanized. It would be difficult to argue the fact that Brazil has one of the most diverse and unique cultures in the world, making people from across the globe flock to its pristine beaches and thriving cities to experience the Brazilian lifestyle.
To sum up, the migration is widespread tendency what people do all over the world, but especially in areas where are low living standards or people feel discriminated. Men and women migrate because of different reasons. Women mainly migrate because they want to achieve more power, feel independent, and control their own life, also they migrate because they want to live with their husbands and children. Men migrate mostly because they want to get better job and send money to their families. The migration can be limited, but it can be effectively limited only if women and men can achieve their goals in their own countries and feel free and achieve good living standards. Also society in those countries where migration is essential problem, need to change, and try not to judge and discriminate people.
Human population growth was relatively slow for most of human history. Within the past 500 years, however, the advances made in the industrial, transportation, economic, medical, and agricultural revolutions have helped foster an exponential, "J-shaped" rise in human population (Southwick, Figure 15.1, p. 160). The statistics associated with this type of growth are particularly striking: "Human beings took more than 3 million years to reach a population of 1 billion people...The second billion came in only 130 years, the third billion in 30 years, the fourth billion in 15 years, the fifth billion in 12 years..." (Southwick, p. 159). As human population has grown, there has been simultaneous growth within the industrial sector. Both of these increases have greatly contributed to environmental problems, such as natural resource depletion, ecosystem destruction, and global climate change. Also linked with the increasing human population are many social problems, such as poverty and disease. These issues need to be addressed by policy makers in the near future in order to ensure the survival and sustainability of human life.
Impoverished countries are suffering because of overpopulation. Overpopulation remains the leading driver of hunger, desertification, species depletion and a range of social maladies across the planet (Tal, 2013). If you look at the world most of the countries that are dealing with these problems it is due to overpopulation. Impoverished countries do not have the money or resources to help them overcome this issue (Tal, 2013). Impoverished countries also do not have the medicine or technology to even prevent the most common of illnesses (Tal, 2013). Malnutrition is also affecting...
that only 10% live inland and over 90% live on a strip along the east