More handpicked essays just for you.
Evolution of modern policing in the united states paper
Three eras of policing in the united states
Affects of crime easily
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Punishment is “the expression of moral condemnation, in response to rural infringements” (Easton and Piper, 2012:4). It is the sanction of misbehaviour not a painful treatment.
However, it is important to understand the principles of sentencing. A regulating statue is different from a punitive statue and therefore, the penalties are altered. A regulating statue focuses more on preventing behaviour rather than to punish. It imposes prohibition and restriction but not imprisonment (Easton and Piper 2012).
Some serious crimes require a severe punishment because it holds culpability. Hate crime causes more grave injuries such as physical injuries therefore the offender will get a worse sentence. Moreover, the severity of sentence will increase if the criminal has previous convictions (Pollock, 2005).
A hate crime murder has a sentencing up to 30 years in regulation with the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (HM Government, 2012).
Following the timeline of the England and Wales penal policy it can be observed an improvement in what means punishment. In the early Middle Ages the serious crime...
Denunciation is a condemnation or criticism of another’s actions (O’Regan, Reid, 2013). Through Bourque’s sentence, Gunn condemned Bourque’s actions and sent a message to society that his crimes were extremely heinous and will not be tolerated. Similarly, his sentence was retribution-based, as retribution is the belief that the severity of the sentence should depend on the seriousness of the crime and not the seriousness of the individual (O’Regan, Reid, 2013). This is demonstrated by Bourque’s precedent defining sentence, his lack of parole eligibility and its corresponding disregard for Bourque’s individual needs as an offender. Cameron Gunn’s retribution-focused thinking was also demonstrated in Bourque’s trial, as he argued that Bourque’s crimes were “among the most heinous this country has seen and they warranted a sentence that would give precedence over rehabilitation” (MacDonald 2014). In addition to focusing Bourque’s sentence on the theoretical principles of denunciation and retribution, Gunn also focused his sentence on deterrence, specifically general deterrence, as it is meant to discourage all other potential offenders from committing crimes (O’Regan, Reid, 2013). In Bourque’s case, the severity of his sentence and corresponding lack of parole eligibility is
Intuitional theory it’s defined in different ways for instance, “Institutional theory addresses the central question of why all organizations in a field tend to look and act the same (DiMaggio & Powell, 1983).” This definition illustrates how organizations change their response to their institution based on the environment, and can achieve stability in their own. An organization when it comes to surviving tents to turns its focus outwardly in order, to acknowledge their influence constituencies and the value that they represent. Police agencies are ideals samples of an institutional organization, for the reason being that they have to display in their organizational performance and policy’s that they care about citizens concerns.
The American Heritage Dictionary defines hate as intense dislike or animosity. However, defining hate as the basis for a crime is not as easy without possibly jeopardizing constitutional rights in the process. Hate crime laws generally add enhanced punishments to existing statues. A hate crime law seeks to treat a crime, if it can be demonstrated that the offense was a hate crime differently from the way it would be treated under ordinary criminal law. Since the 1980s, the problem of hate crimes has attracted increasing research attention, especially from criminologists and law enforcement personnel who have focused primarily on documenting the prevalence of the problem and formulation criminal justice responses to it. Lawmakers have passed legislation to encourage data collection and attach enhanced penalties to hate crimes at both state and federal levels.
When arguing that hate and bias crime should receive more punishment one of the main facts taken into consideration i...
...iterated. Therefore, high standing authorities implement strict laws and punishments for law breaking. The most extreme form of punishment known to any society is the capital punishment. When someone is sentenced capital punishment, they are executed for their crimes. Since this deals with the taking of an individual’s life, it obviously causes much controversy. Some people believe it is inhumane to be able to take away somebody’s right to live, and others think some crimes are deserving of execution. Mary Kate Cary, the author of “The Conservative Case Against the Death Penalty,” believes that the death penalty is too much of a dangerous method to reprimand criminals, and David B. Muhlhausen believes that capital punishment is a worthy method to punish some criminals, however both agree that without a doubt, criminals deserve to be penalized for their infringement.
"Today's system, where imprisonment is a common penalty for most crimes, is a historical newcomer." Many crimes during 1718 and 1776 were punishable by death. This was usually done by hanging, sometimes by stoning, breaking on the rack and burning at the stake. Towards the end of the 1700's people realized that cruel punishment did little to reduce crime and their society was changing the population grew and people started to move around more frequently. There had to be a search for new punishments. "New punishments were to rely heavily on new ideas imported from Europe in the writing of such social thinkers of the Enlightenment as the baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, Thomas Pain and Cesare Beccaria". These thinkers came to believe that criminals could be rehabilitated."
I've researched about the volunteer program in phoenix, and it is named COPS "Citizens Offering Police support" This program is running through out all Phoenix Arizona departments. The volunteer organization is dedicated to helping the Phoenix Police Department and the community. Today, they have almost 200 volunteers working in a variety of units within COPS department. They also have university and college students interns working on their career paths with program. The COPS Program brings the community into the police family. Volunteers working shoulder to shoulder with police officers and our support staff can see the difficulty and value of the police mission. Although it isn't easy to just become apart of the support system, it's more
Exposition: Determining Hate Crimes?Hate based on race, religion and sexual orientation exist within any cultural rich societies. When this type of hate fuels a person into taking violent actions upon those they hate, it is called a hate crime; a topic which the American public is seriously concerned about. It has been a widely discussed subject on the media, and often debates of whether or not a crime should be attributed with hate are the center for discussion.Does hate crime imply on any case when a person is convicted for inflicting damage on someone "different"? It is often difficult to set a benchmark for measuring sufficiency of hate as a cause to label it in front of crime. The term can be conveniently stretched and squeezed by people with different ideas and biases.
Any crime motivated by a bias against a person or group based on their ethnicity, gender, sexual preference, religion or another characteristic is a hate crime. These crimes can either be committed against the people themselves or their property. When someone commits a hate crime they are targeting a group of people not just one individual. That’s why hate crimes have extra punishment. The punishment for hate crimes are very insignificant considering the deviant who committed a hate crime targeted an entire group of people. Hate crimes are very serious offensive but determining where to draw the line can be difficult. Hate crimes are very serious and can have lasting effects on victims.
The aim of this lesson will be to develop students understanding of crime and punishment in Medieval Europe. As outlined in AUSVELS, this will include investigating different kinds of crime and punishment utilised and the ways the nature of crime and punishment has either stayed the same throughout history, or changed over time.
Beginning in the eighteenth or nineteenth century, the nature of punishment began to change. Slowly, the spectacle of justice which accompanied the public executions and torture of the Middle Ages began to recede farther and farther away from the public into the fringes of society as the institution of the prison began to take shape. Hidden by both distance and structure, the large stone/concrete walls and small windows kept the real...
Police officers use discretion in a broad manner. Depending on a situation I can issue a verbal warning, a citation, or an arrest. However, when taking a course of action in a situation I want to make sure I have a reason as to why I gave them the punishment that I did. Discretion in the criminal justice system is based off of efficiency, safety, and justice.
In conclusion, hate crimes should be punished no differently than other crimes. The effects are the same. The crime is basically the same. The family experiences the same trauma and the punishment should be the same.
As probably studied in any law or history class, punishment in medieval times consisted of executions, and torture. Simply put, punishment entailed brutality and violence. However, with time, prisons had finally been established. In modern society, punishment is based on imprisonment, meaning a criminal is placed within a cell and kept there for a period of time, yet there are many states and countries that still permit ‘capital punishment’ for harsh crimes. The aim of this form of punishment had been to establish authority, particularly power. According to Foucault, this power means that for example in a penitentiary, there is a guard and a prisoner. The guard evidently has power over the prisoner, as he is the key holder, and he is the one that has the authority to restrain the individual from doing anything and keep him in his cell. Discipline is methods that are used by arranging a person’s actions and their experiences. Jails aim to reform a criminal and to deter crime. To reform means to transform the criminal to fit society’s norms and standards. In addition, a goal they have is to de...
When Shakespeare was born in 1564, Queen Elizabeth had taken power a mere 6 years prior, and her justice system was very different from ours. In this paper, I hope to explore some of the ways punishments were different, such as how many crimes had individual punishments, often times depending on how severe the crime was. I will also go in-depth to one of the most infamous cases of the medieval period.