Plyometric Training
Plyometric training is a form of training that is used to help develop and enhance explosive power, which is a vital component in a number of athletic performances. This training method is meant to be used with other power development methods in a complete training program to improve the relationship between maximum strength and explosive power (Radcliffe 1). In order to understand how plyometric training works or why it is so effective, one must understand what is meant by "power." Power is similar to strength but with the time factor included, meaning speed. So power is relationship between strength and speed and deals with the ability to perform a certain activity or movement the fastest (Gambetta).
Most explosive movements do not take that long. Therefore the importance is placed on the ability to generate the highest possible force in the shortest period of time, and at the same time, reducing or stopping this force at the end of the action (Gambetta). Even though it is not fully understood how plyometric training actually works, it is believed that the basic principle which is behind it is based on the idea of the rapid "stretch reflex." This stretch reflex is the result from the rapid loading (stretching) and unloading (unstretching) of the same muscle fibers. An example of the stretch reflex is when a right-handed golfer begins his/her back-swing. In performing this movement, the bicep muscle of his/her left arm contracts while the tricep muscle in the same arm is stretched. Then when the forward-swing is begun, the tricep contracts in response to its rapid stretching which triggered the stretch reflex (Radcliffe 8). In Plyometrics, training enhances the tolerance of the muscle for increa...
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...and gradually introduced with other complete training programs, it has shown that it can be productive and done with a small risk of injury.
Bibliography:
REFERENCES
Brown, Lee E. "Plyometrics or Not?" Strength and Conditioning Journal. Vol. 23.
April 2001. Pgs. 70-73.
Costello, Frank. Bounding to the Top: The Complete Book on Plyometric
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(Note: Above book, had no evidence of publisher, location, or date.)
Gambetta, Vern. "Plyometrics: Myths and Misconceptions."
http://www.gambetta.com/articles/a97008.html
Holcomb, William R., Kleiner, Douglas M., and Chu, Donald A. "Plyometrics:
Considerations for Safe and Effective Training." Strength and Conditioning
Journal. Vol 20. June 1998. Pgs. 36-39.
Radcliffe, James C., and Farentinos, Robert C. Plyometrics: Explosive Power
Training. Human Kinetics Publishers. Champaign, IL. 1985.
Oatis C. (2009) Kinesiology: The Mechanics & Pathomechanics of Human Movement (Second ed.). Glenside, Pennsylvania: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
There are different types of muscle because each sport has various needs. “Power endurance is typically characterized by intense, repeated efforts for a relatively short period of time (less than 30 seconds)”(1). Sports such as sprinters, wrestlers, fencers and tennis players need to produce powerful movements and repeat them with several times with little to no rest. This training involves lifting about 15-30 reputations of moderate loads, about 50%-70% 1RM per lift.
The use of the six principles of training by a 100m sprinter would greatly improve the athlete’s performance. This is because the progressive overload, specificity, reversibility, variety, training thresholds and warm up/cool down principles all greatly affect the performance of any athlete. The principles of training can be employed in order to improve all aspects of fitness, from flexibility to strength and aerobic endurance.
... early he affected the rest of the movements the arms experiences. Upon contact Matt’s hands, wrists, and forearms were facing each other. In his follow through, his arms have already completed their rotation. The last movement should be pronation of the right arm which allows a full follow through. Matt’s right arm is is not supinated upon contact therefore he is allowed little pronation in his follow through. His swing ends with chest and abdomen not fully rotated. This causes problems. When Matt’s chest and abdomen do not complete their rotation his arms can’t complete their follow through. This can cause the right shoulder and latisimus dorsi to stretch even further and can lead to strains in those muscles. In game type situation the chest and abdomen not fully rotating will affect the power of the swing, and quickness of the batter’s start towards first base.
Fahey, Thomas D., EdD. Specialist in Sports Conditioning Workbook and Study Guide. California: International Sports Sciences Association, 2007. Print
... physical education (J. Sproule, Ed.). Retrieved February 25, 2014, from Sage Journal website: http://epe.sagepub.com/content/11/3/257.short#cited-by
The focus of this paper is mechanically and automatically break down the deadlift. It focuses on the four phases of the deadlift (The lift off, pull through, the lockout, and the lowering phase) as well as the muscles involved in lifting and lowering the load. The sole purpose of the deadlift is for health and fitness. It is a core lift that works nearly every muscle in the body. Muscles from the lower and upper extremities will go through a period of flexion and extension when moving through the phases. The deadlift should be performed safely, and with proper form to avoid injury. This paper shows and demonstrates the proper form of the deadlift. There are also a number of forces acting on the load and the athlete. Gravity and external forces will be an active part of lifting the load. Images and tables are provided in the paper to better understand the movements and muscles used when performing the deadlift.
Retrieved 14 May 2014, from http://www.teachpe.com/a_level_analysis/movement_analysis_webpage.html. Thibodeau, G., & Patton, K. (1993). "The Species of the World. " Chapter ten: Anatomy of the muscular system. In Anatomy and Physiology (1st ed., p. 252).
This skill involves jumping in the sagittal plane about the transverse axis. It consists of hip, knee, ankle, and shoulder joints. In the preparation phase in propulsion, the subject has flexed knees and hips which will need to be straightened by the strength of their corresponding joints such as the hinge joint at the knee joint. The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that bears the body weight and allows for jumping motion. During th...
To achieve a degree in Athletic Training, there are many tasks and skills to be learned. The Education Council under the National Athletic Training Association put together an education program filled with a set of guidelines of what has to be taught to graduate with a degree in Athletic Training. Before you can learn and understand Athletic Training, you must know the Anatomy and Physiology of the human body. This includes bones, muscles, levels of organization, tissue levels, systems of the body, skeletal structure, articulations, integrative functions, sensory function, blood, and embryology (Martini, 2001). Besides Anatomy and Physiology, the methods of taping is also extremely critical to this career. Before you can understand what each taping techniques are used for, you must also know about sports injuries. Athletic Training is all about the prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and evaluation of athletic injuries. Another skill that must be learned in the Athletic Training Education Program is how to provide immediate emergency care. That includes everything from background information to actually being able to save an athlete’s or any one else’s life. You must be aware of legal considerations, how and when to approach a victim, the human body systems, examining the victim, basic life support, bleeding and shock, identifying wounds, sudden illnesses, injuries, and how to care for them; also you must be aware of cold and heat related injuries, and how to rescue and move victims (Thygerson, 2001). Other information to be learned includes nutrition, health, and professional development. There are several other topics of Athletic Training; however, there are just to many to s...
Imagine the inability to physically walk or do so pain free, or to sit, or do any type of daily routine without any sort of constant complications. Whether a person has been injured, born with a disability condition, or a disability occurred due to aging, there is a way to help treat many complications. Participating in a physical therapy rehabilitation program can help to heal an injury by proper, safe exercises to strengthen and prevent further injury or by teaching one to change their mechanics, which in turn will create a better way to manage daily routines safely and pro actively. Physical therapy can also help to prevent or decrease impairments such as the developmental affect of many genetic diseases, congenial disabilities or disabilities due to aging. Physical therapy is a rehabilitation program with the goal to assist in the recovery of surgeries and injuries, and to promote proper mechanics and motor functions; relieving pain and restoring and maintaining physical mobility, strength and a quality of life.
Sewall, R., et al. Strength Development in Children. (abstract). Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 16:158. 1984.
First, we will begin with describing the swing of the player and the golf club’s motion as it goes back in the swing. “A good golf swing must have speed, accuracy, and the ability to re-peat itself consistently.”(Cochran 8) Essentially, the back swing and the follow-through resemble a circular-plane like or a double pendulum motion. As you start your swing you must slowly bring back the head of the club, which has some inertia that needs to be overcome. Also, there is a certain amount of flex in the shaft of the club depending on what kind of shaft you have. You could have stiff (more flex with stronger force of swing), soft (more flex with small force of swing), or steel shafts (average flex with any force of swing) each producing different flex in the club. This flex of the club shaft acts like a spring storing up potential energy, and accelerates the cl...
Gabboth, Tim. "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). Feb2012, Vol. 26 Issue 2, P487-491. 5p." N.p., n.d. Web.
When performing manual muscle testing for shoulder flexion and abduction, PTA’s typically place their hand at the wrist verses the mid-extremity because placing their hands at the wrist increases the length of the lever thus testing the muscles ability to resist externally applied force overtime and across the bone-joint lever arm system. Shorter lever arms will provide higher testing scores when compared to using longer lever arms, thus changing the point of force application affects the length of the lever arm and therefore the muscle torque.