Guiltless Pleasures: Daisy Miller and the Super-ego The storied psycho-analyst Sigmund Freud would have jumped at the opportunity to dive deeper into the mind of Henry James’ star character Daisy Miller in his novella appropriately named Daisy Miller. Many in her day could not begin to understand the ways in which Daisy’s mind worked, however Freud could have found a way, given the opportunity, to parallel many of her actions, choices, and thoughts to main ideas mentioned in his book Civilization and it’s Discontents. The careless, flirtatious behavior of the young American traveling Europe is hardly understood by and of the other characters in the novella, however Freud would have answers linked to her upbringing and development of her super-ego, …show more content…
The super-ego is responsible for internalizing and converting rules and regulations gathered from the parent (or authoritative figure) into the child. The child’s super-ego develops from this knowledge gained about repercussions for actions. For example, when a child does something that is deemed a “good” action, they are received with praise. On the contrary, when a child does something that is “bad”, they are punished. Their conscience takes these feedbacks into account and begin to establish mental and social guidelines that lie within the super-ego. In the case of Daisy Miller, she most likely grew up asserting her natural aggressive instincts and behavioral tendencies (as Freud suggests all children do), but was never met with any punishment nor praise. The super-ego is also responsible when individuals feel guilty for certain actions, because they have internalized such behavior as “bad” and therefore must be punished by feeling guilty. It is hard to imagine that Daisy is able to feel guilty, for she was never provided with the necessary means to develop a …show more content…
Winterbourne and others experience first hand what is it like to deal with someone who never feels guilty, despite the fact she neglects the feelings of others often. But, after further analysis, it is not directly the fault of Daisy but of her parents leniency that did not supply the much needed attention to her behavior. This attention is crucial in the process of internalizing reactions to certain actions, so that the individual can know what is right and wrong, and feel the corresponding punishments or praises. So, although Daisy seems to leave her mark (in both good and bad ways) wherever she may travel and on whomever she may meet, her unattached nature is mostly due to something that was out of her
The ironic thing is, she is already behaving somewhat “paralyzed” because she is doing nothing to save her marriage with Tom. Daisy says foolish statements with radiance which shows that she does not think before she speaks. For example, she “always watch[es] for the longest day in the year and then miss[es] it” (11) which shows how much spare time she has. Funnily enough, Daisy cannot even watch for the longest day successfully because she “miss[es] it.” This statement also implies how the wealthy people like Daisy do nothing; they just watch society without any contribution because they are aimless. Also, since Daisy is always “watching” for something, in other words she always wants something; in the process, she forgets what she already has, revealing her to be insensitive. Lastly, Daisy “want[s] her life [to be] shaped immediately – and the decision must be made by some force – of love, of money, [or of] unquestionable practicality,” (151) she cannot bother to take a decision herself showing her to be unthinking. Out of the three things she says, she picks the one “that was close at hand” which is Tom’s
with people whom Fitzgerald sees as the cause of the downfall of society. Daisy shows a
Throughout the story, Winterbourn's opinion of Daisy changes back and forth. Winterbourne is torn between believing that Daisy is a coquette and believing she is an innocent girl who just does not know what she is doing. He never stops to consider that she may be both. He tries to push Daisy into his own preconceived categories; he never stopped to consider that she is a complex person with many layers, and therefore cannot be placed into a singular category. According to Daisy Miller: Cowboy Feminist, “Like many of James' male characters, Winterbourne responds to Daisy's wild energy, but doesn't act decisively on his desire, alternately aroused and repulsed by the prospect” (Johnson). Winterbourn was intrigued by Daisy, and her innocence. Her character was unlike any he had experienced before and because of this he found her quite attractive. However, his upbringing did not allow for him to associate with someone of such low class. In addition to this, Embedded Narratives Of Science And Culture In James's Daisy Miller observes that,“Winterbourne, faced with a conflict of norms between those of Daisy and those of his aunt's circle, cannot help seeing this difference as one marking the difference between "progressive" and "primitive" human values” (Scheiber).This perspective is shown from the very onset of Winterbourn first meeting Daisy “'How pretty they are,' Winterbourne comments, reacting to Daisy as a category,
...nted everyone to feel sorry for Daisy. However, one finds it hard to feel sorry for someone as well off as herself. She is a symbol of money and the corruption it brings. One must be careful not to identify Daisy with the green light at the end of her dock. The green light is the promise, the dream. Daisy herself is much less than that. Even Gatsby must realize that having Daisy in the flesh is much, much less than what he imagined it would be when he fell in love with the idea of her.
The thought of Freud has a total focus on an individual’s mind and how this internal struggle effects how humans interact within society. Freud argues that every human has three functional parts of their personality that exist within the mind itself: the id, super-ego and the ego. Thurschwell describes these three layers as how they relate to each other. The id is the deepest level of the unconscious, which is dominated by the pleasure principle and has no concept of time except for the present, demanding instant gratification of sexual and aggressive (Eros and Thanatos) urges. The superego originates through identification with the individuals parents, functioning as an internal censor witch represses the dangerous urges of the id. The ego starts as part of the id but is more sensible as it has knowledge of the outside world. Unlike the id, the ego is dominated by the instinct to protect oneself. Although these three layers cannot be physically mapped out in the mind they do show how Freud constantly focused on the internal mind...
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby is generally regarded as an excellent novel which expresses much more than the superficial plot. The Great Gatsby could be, however, more complex than the average reader might imagine. The Great Gatsby is often interpreted as the corruption of the American Dream. In this framework, the Buchanans are viewed as the example of irresponsibility and degradation, and Gatsby the embodiment of idealism and sentimentality. In this essay, I want to offer another reading of The Great Gatsby in Freudian frame of reference.
Daisy’s actions and words contrast greatly with her husband, Tom, and his grave nature. Her impression on the reader is frivolous with her “charming little laugh'; (13), and her light manner. In addition, Daisy’s tendency to murmur, rumored to make people lean closer to her, also reflects on her coquettish personality. Nick’s ability to read Daisy so well from her facial expressions and body language attests that her mannerisms are very illustrative; “Daisy took her face in her hands…I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions. She also welcomes Nick’s charming but cheesy flattery, when talking about Chicago and she treats him the same way in return by referring to him as a rose and also by saying “I am p-paralyzed with happiness'; (13).
As you read on, Daisy’s true character is slowly revealed, and you come to achieve that she is a very careless person. She seems to never care about the consequences of her actions, and this is proven when she is driving home from the city, and hits Myrtle with Gatsby’s car. Unlike most other people, she didn’t even hesitate and just drove home, without a care in the world about what she had done. One of Nick Caraway’s final assessments of Daisy after the accident is that she is very careless. He even says; “They were careless people, Tom and Daisy – They smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back to their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made”. (Fitzgerald 187) This quote is proof that people i...
An example that shows her irresponsibility as a parent is when she gets a call from school from Donny’s history teacher, Ms.Evans, and tells Ms. Evans to call Cal, Donny's tutor. “ I’m a little concerned about Donny, Mrs. Coble.” Says Ms. Evans” “Oh, I’m sorry, Ms. Evans, but Donny's tutor handle these things now…” Says Daisy. “ I always deal directly with the parents. You are the parent,” Ms. Evans said, speaking very slowly and distinctly.” Now here’s the problem. Back when you were helping Donny with his homework, his grades rose from a D to an C, but now they've slipped back, and they're closer to a F” ( Tyler 869). Daisy’s irresponsibility as a parent is shown because parents should be able to take care of their children and their children's problem. Daisy was told nicely by Ms. Evans to act like a parent since Daisy told Ms. Evans that Cal deals with those kind of things. Parents should be able to talk to their children's teacher when necessary. This also brings up her naiveness. Daisy believes whatever Cal says so easily and doesn't realize that he is being so manipulative. After Donny angrily asks his parents do they trust them, Daisy gets a call from Cal who says,”I think this kid is hurting. You know? Here's a serious, sensitive kid, telling you he'd like to take on some grown up challenges, and you're giving him the
Through works of literature, readers find themselves getting lost in situations both familiar and strange. In both The Great Gatsby and Ordinary People, I can imagine myself in the position of both Daisy Buchanan and Dr. Berger respectively. I believe that Daisy, the love of Gatsby’s life, and I are similar because both of us are driven by our emotions; however, unlike Daisy, who is materialistic, I appreciate the value of my belongings . Dr. Berger, a psychiatrist in Ordinary People, and I also share the traits of being understanding and helpful; despite these similarities, Dr. Berger is different in that he has twenty more years of experience dealing with complex situations.
Daisy lacks self confidence which made it harder to raise her fifteen year-old son Donny. There were many instances where Daisy pondered on what she can do better to help Donny in school, but as she put forth an effort, she always resisted. “She remembered when Amanda was born. Donny had acted lost and bewildered. Daisy had been alert to that of course, but still, a new baby keeps you busy of course….”(570) When Daisy saw this happening, she never stopped to reassure Donny that even though he had a sister, it was not going to change their relationship. Daisy should have reassured her son by correcting the problem as soon as it surfaced, then Donny should have understood. When Donny started to have problems in school, Daisy gave up without trying, and let a tutor dictate her son’s activities especially when the teacher questions Daisy about Donny’s actions, Daisy replied, “Oh I’m sorry, Miss Evans, but Donny’s tutor handles these things now…” (572) In school Donny’s behavior changed soo drastically that he started to stay out late and Daisy just sat back and let this happen. “The tutor had sat down so many rules![She] were not allowed any questions at all about school, nor were to speak with his teachers…,Only one teacher disobeyed…”(572) Because Daisy didn’t believe in herself or her word, she let others control and therefore his behavior worsened.
Throughout “The Great Gatsby,” corruption is evident through the people within it. However, we discover with Daisy, initially believed to be a victim of her husband’s corruption—we find she is the eye of the storm. In the story, the reader feels sorry for Daisy, the victim in an arranged marriage, wanting her to find the happiness she seemingly longed for with Gatsby. Ultimately we see Daisy for what she is, a truly corrupt soul; her languish and materialistic lifestyle, allowing Gatsby to take the blame for her foolish action of killing Myrtle, and feigning the ultimate victim as she “allows” Tom to take her away from the unsavory business she has created. Daisy, the definitive picture of seeming innocence is the most unforeseen, therefore, effective image of corruption—leading to a good man’s downfall of the American Dream.
At first glimpse, Daisy is portrayed as a "pretty American flirt" whose innocence Winterbourne is unsure of, and yet he says he was "almost grateful for having found the formula that applied to Miss Daisy Miller" (James 1563)." Like many people do in first impressions, Winterbourne feels the need to label Daisy right away." In the beginning, the stereotype seems to fit." Daisy is young, unsophisticated, chatty, and brags about all the society, especially gentlemen"s society she had in New York (1562)." She enjoys teasing and getting reactions out of people just for the sake of it." For example, the second time she and Winterbourne meet, late one evening in the garden, she asks him if he wants to take her out in a boat on the lake." Of course, her mother and the courier protest while Daisy laughs and declares, "That"s all I want " a little fuss!"She had no intention of going; she just wanted to get a rise out of someone." Bidding good-night to Winterbourne, she says, "I hope you"re disappointed, disgusted, or something!" (1572)." She is being flirtatious, but this kind of teasing is also just part of her sense of humor.
It is driven by the reality principle by attempting to rationalize the situation and acts accordingly in order to achieve satisfaction while doing it in a socially acceptable manner. The ego is ‘like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse’ (Freud, 1923). For example, while out at a restaurant Tom is thirsty but knew that the waiter would return to refill the water glass, so he waited until then to get a drink, even though he just really wanted to drink from Mrs. Smith’s glass. The super ego sits, omnipresent, at the top and acts as a moral compass for both the id and ego. McLeod (2008) states that the superego attempts to manage the urges of the id and convince the ego to think and act towards moralistic goals rather than simply realistic ones and to strive for perfection. There are two aspects of the superego: the ego ideal and the conscience. The ego ideal is the general idea one has of how to behave to be classified as an upstanding member of society; it includes norms, rules and standards for good
Although this short story -- one of the greatest in American Literature -- was published almost a century before Sigmund Freud, a renowned psychologist and psychoanalyst, published his works, Young Goodman Brown almost explicitly illustrates how Freudian psychology works. A lot of aspects of psychology are depicted in this short story.