Planter Fasciitis
Introduction
Plantar fasciitis is the most ordinary source of heel pain. The plantar fascia (plantar aponeurosis) runs the length of the sole and is a broad flat band of dense connective tissue (ligament) that connects proximally to the medial surface of the calcaneus (heel bone) (Prentice 586). Additionally, the planter fascia fans out distally with fibers and their various small branches attaching to the metatarsophalangeal articulations, which are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones (proximal phalanges) of the toes, and merging into the capsular ligaments (Prentice 586).
The function of the planter fascia is to assist in maintaining the stability of the foot and in securing or bracing the longitudinal arch (Prentice 586). During walking, running, and/or jumping the plantar fascia functions mainly during the heel rise to toe off. This helps to stabilize the arch of the foot by flexing the first metatarsal; it also enables the first metatarsal to carry most of the body’s weight during “toe off”. By acting like a shock absorber, it lessens the load on the foot when it hits the ground.
If the plantar fascia is strained, it gets weak, swollen, and irritated (inflamed). Then the heel or the bottom of the foot can become painful when it is stood or walked on. Although it accounts for about 8% of all running injuries (Taunton 95-01), it is also fairly commonplace in the general population as a whole (Cole 2237-42). Contrasting many types of running injuries, planter fasciitis is slightly biased more towards men; in one study it was found that, of the 158 runners diagnosed with having plantar fasciitis, 54% were men (Taunton 95-01). Even though it is a common injury in both...
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Achilles tendinopathy and its contributing pathologies has been a heavily researched topic throughout multiple professions. Although a unified consensus and classification on the underlying pathology is yet to be reached, a shift from the term tendinitis to tendinosis has slowly been adopted, and is now believed to follow a continuum. Previous incorrect belief of an inflammatory pathophysiology has lead to the development of treatment options that are inappropriate and unsuccessful, leaving the tendon unable to adequately heal or strengthen increasing its risk of repetitive re-injury and the development of chronic Achilles tendinopathy. As a result an understanding of the pathophysiology, its effect on lower limb function and biomechanical risk factors contributing to the development of Achilles tendinopathy need to be considered when developing a rehabilitation program to coincide with new research and to address the underlying degeneration and failed healing of the tendon.
Over pronation of the foot happens when too much weight is transferred to the medial part (the arch) of the foot. This can often be confused with plantar fasciitis. Over pronation of the foot is normally an over use injury that is developed over time. A person that goes a long period of time with this issue is putting a great deal of stress on the ligaments in the medial aspect of the ankle and this can result in a great deal of damage to them. An excess amount of damage can be con the muscles, tendons and ligaments of the ankle. Because being over pronated pulls the foot down, damage to the knees hips and back can also be caused from not being properly aligned.
A 18-year-old male collegiate soccer athlete presented into the athletic training room with ankle pain. This ankle pain was due to a change of direction drill. The soccer team had been out on the field to get in shape for pre-season sprinting. The athlete had plantar flexed and inverted his left ankle. This athlete stated that he had no previous health issues prior to ankle in...
Over time, constant wearing of heels will lead to chronic pain and destruction of
Plantar fasciitis is caused from muscles and ligaments that alter the calcaneous (the big bone on hill of foot) (Daniels and Morrell 2012). The alteration of these muscles and ligaments will inflict pain and discomfort on the patient, and if not treated will cause failure of ligaments, bones, and muscles. The patient was tested with a simple squat technique that showed his heels were coming off the ground (Daniels and M...
Fatigue, decreased mobility and impaired balance from the rheumatoid and osteoarthritis pain also increases the risk of falls (Stanmore et al., 2013). Age related changes such as sarcopenia causes muscle tone and strength to decrease, especially in the lower limbs and as a result, balance and gait become impaired (Culross, 2008). These factors significantly influence the risk of falls and also affect the ability to carry out daily activities therefore, with a physiotherapists assistance, the nurse could introduce a personalised exercise regime to enhance muscle tone and strength (Culross, 2008). According to Neuberger et al (1997), exercise lessens fatigue and improves muscle tone and balance in older people. Recommending an exercise programme for Mrs Jones that incorporates strength training exercises and aerobics, could potentially improve muscle tone and strength and as a result improve mobility, balance and lessen the risk of falls (Bird, Pittaway, Cuisick, Rattray & Ahuja, 2013). The nurse could also suggest safety precautions such as advising Mrs Jones to use a mobility aid (Gooberman-Hill & Ebrahim,
The Achilles tendon is one of the largest and strongest tendons in the human body. It is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects the calcaneus (heel bone) to the muscles at the back of the calf using the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Leg muscles are known as the strongest muscles in the body because there are able to pull against the force of gravity in order to keep the body upright and in balance. The Achilles tendon is an important tendon in terms of mobility because it keeps the elastic energy required for running, jumping and walking. When an athlete tightens their calf muscles, it pulls the Achilles tendon which in turn pushes the foot down. Within the body each Achilles tendon is conditional to an athlete’s entire body weight with each movement taken. Generally depending on the speed, pace and additional weight being carried or pushed down, each Achilles tendon may be conditional to nearly three to twelve times the athlete’s body weight during a sprint. The Achilles tendon is very different from other tendons in the body. Compared to other tendons which have a covering that minimises wear and tear to the tendon by friction, the Achilles tendon contains a softer tissue that covers it. Since there is also a short blood supply to the tendon, it is highly prone to injuries and can require a long time to heal.
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Investigate the contemporary body of knowledge that underpins the current recommendations for exercise programming in the pursuit of improved health.
In order to understand how the menisci can be injured, you must understand the basic anatomy of the menisci and why they are important. The menisci are two oval (semilunar) fibrocartilages that deepen the articular facets of the tibia and cushion any stresses placed on the knee joint. They enhance the total stability of the knee, assist in the control of normal knee motion, and provide shock absorption against compression forces between the tibia and the femur (Booher, 2000). Articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones that make up the joint. The articular cartilage surface is a tough, very slick material that allows the surfaces to slide against one another without damage to either surface. This ability of the meniscus to spread out the force on the joint surfaces as we walk is important because it protects the articular cartilage from excessive forces occurring in any one area on the joint surface, leading to degeneration over time (Sutton, 1999).
The footbed is molded for maximum comfort. When you have conditions like Plantar Fasciitis, heel spurs, or neuropathy, you have to be careful about the types of shoes you wear. RYKA customers have specifically mentioned how much the shoes have helped their foot pain and issues. You don't want to give up walking because you have foot pain, but walking can be painful and almost impossible with some conditions.
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Carmick,Judy PT MA. Forefoot Mobility in Ankle and Foot Orthoses: Effects on Gait of Children
The human foot is an incredibly complex part of the body, it is made up of twenty-six bones which is fully twenty-five percent of the bones in the entire body. The structure of the forefoot includes the five metatarsal bones and the phalanges. The metatarsal bones are for forward movement and provides attachment for several tendons. The phalanges, also known as the toes, movement take place in the joints. The foot movement only has two movements; inversion and eversion. All the joints in the hindfoot and midfoot contributes to these complex movements. The foot has two significant functions: weight bearing and impulsion, which both requires a high degree of stability. The foot must also be flexible so it is able to adapt to uneven surfaces. The various bones and joints of the foot are what allows the foot to be flexible. In order for the foot to be able to support any weight the various of bones must form an arch. The foot has three arches that are maintain by the shape of the bones and by the ligaments. The arches are supported by the muscles and tendons. A foot is a strong, flexible, and durable it allows us to daily activities as we please while carrying all the
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