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Investigating transpiration in plants
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1. When moving a plant from one place to another, suggest why it is important to leave some original soil from the roots.
It is important to leave some original soil from the roots when moving a plant in order to avoid damaging the roots and also to initially keep the roots with some nutrients from the previous location. The plant will need to get accustomed to the new soil with original soil it will create an easier transition.
2. What is the usual cause of a plant wilting?
A plant wilts due to not having enough water in their cells so they lose their turgidity. The cell walls collapse if there is no structure created by water filling up each cell so the plants will wilt.
3. Why is transpiration an inevitable consequence of gas exchange
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There is not a lot of room in a plant for the veins to be very spread apart and it would not be very logical to have these interconnected veins far away from each other as material needs to be transported all throughout the plant at a fairly quick rate.They must also be close together so that water can be transported from the xylem vessel to the phloem sieve tube and back when transporting sucrose from the source to the sink.
Lesson 3
7. If you removed the apical meristem from a typical plant, what would be the effect on further plant growth?
The apical meristem is what allows the plant to grow in height, vertically. If the apical meristem were to be cut the plant would stop growing taller and would only increase in width as new tissue can no longer be made to increase the height of the plant or length of the roots to support a taller plant.
8. How does auxin alter gene expression when influencing cell growth rates?
Auxin influences cell growth rate and alters gene expression by combining with a receptors that targets transcriptional repressors of auxin-response genes that will that either cause or inhibit plant growth. Auxins repress genes or the opposite, to allow other genes to stimulate the plant to grow. The role of this hormone is to change gene expression in a plant so that it can either grow or stop growing
It is hypothesized that as plants in small spaces compete for space, the plants compensate by reducing individual stem weight and frequency of bud formation as density increases. This would be intraspecific competition. A factor is density-dependent when it kills more of a population at higher densities and less at lower densities (Stilling 2002). The factor of competition between individual plants of the same species would be considered density dependent.
Carbon dioxide is necessary for plants to carry out the process of photosynthesis, which is an important process because it allows plants to produce glucose, as well as oxygen. Based on evidence from previous experiments, the growth of the plant will reflect the amount of CO2 gas that is present in the environment (O’Leary and Knecht 1986). This means that the plant growth relies on the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in order to be successful. Therefore, in several cases, it has been noted that when the concentration of CO2 is doubled, the plant growth will similarly increase (Carter et al. 1997). So, it can be concluded that by raising the amount of carbon dioxide in an environment, the surrounding plants will experience an increase in growth.
The opening and closing of stomata is one example of this movement. There are a large amount of growth conditions that can affect a plant. One of the most important of these conditions concerns the type of availability of light present for photosynthesis. By controlling the type of light that a plant receives, its growth can be affected.
Each plant species has a unique pattern of resource allocation that is genetically determined but not fixed. Plants can adjust there allocation pattern when they experience different environments and the presence of other species. Phenotypic plasticity goes hand in hand with resource allocation as well. When a plant has to adjust itʻs resource allocation, sometimes it uses itʻs resources to help the plant grow different characteristic so that the plant can have a greater chance of living in the environment. For example, if a plant from an environment that does not experience wind on the regular basis enters a new environment that has a lot of wind the plant may change itʻs resource allocation and spend more of itʻs resources growing deeper
The plants that we know today as terrestrial organisms were not always on land. The land plants of today can be linked back to aquatic organisms that existed millions of years ago. In fact, early fossil evidence shows that the earliest land plants could have arisen some 450 million years ago (Weng & Chappie 2010). Plants that used to reside strictly in water were able to adapt in ways that allowed them to move onto land. It is speculated the need for plants to move onto land was created by water drying up, causing plants to have less room and pushing them to move onto land. Although the exact cause of plant’s need to move to a terrestrial environment is unclear, it is known that plants had to undergo several adaptations to be able to live on land. These adaptations include: lignin, cellulose, suberin, and changes to plant’s surface, including the formation of a waxy cuticle.
Hypothesis: To observe cells located in an onion root tip and identify which stage of cell division the cells are in.
The apical extent of the root filling and the quality of the root filling were investigated
In the lab exercise regarding plant structure and function, we examined slides containing the different kinds of roots (monocot, dicot). We labeled the parts and pointed out the different roles of each in the plant structure. Also, we examined monocot stems and dicot stems in order to familiarize ourselves with its external and internal structures. We sketched and labeled the parts of the stem and looked closely at the positions of each part. In the last part of the lab, we classified leaves into different kinds according to their leaf venation, bases of leaves, and apices of leaves. As an additional exercise, we sketched 20 animals and classified them according to phylum and class. We were also able to discover the scientific and common names of the animals. Overall, the exercises we did enabled us to familiarize ourselves with plant structure thus, gaining a better understanding for plant life and its importance.
Osmosis is a biological process. If equilibrium is ever achieved, then water molecules will move. back and forth between the substances. If a surrounding sucrose solution has a lower water potential than the plant tissue in the solution, then, through osmosis water will move from the tissue into the. the surrounding solution, the tissue will lose mass and length as a result.
Biotechnology can be defined as a “collection of tools for modifying tree physiology and genetics to aid breeding, propagation and research” (Burdon and Libby 2006). These tools include the use of tissue culture, genetic engineering (genetic modification) and the use of genetic markers for marker assisted breeding (Harry and Strauss 2010).
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the leaves of plants; a process that begins when water is carried from the roots of a plant to small pores on the underside of leaves, where the majority of it is changed to water vapour and released into the atmosphere (United States Geological Survey (USGS), 2014). Transpiration has three major roles in the life of a plant. The first is to transport water and other essential minerals around the plant. Plants use xylem vessels, which are vertically elongated vessels with lignified walls, to transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves, where they can be used for photosynthesis and cell growth (Roberts, King, 1987). Phloem vessels transport carbohydrates, created during photosynthesis, from the leaves to the rest of the plant to be used in growth (Whiting, 2010).
The strong cells wall prevents bursting. The cell is turgid. If plant cells lose water the cells become limp and flaccid. Water is essential for support in plants.
But with the increase in pollution, overpopulation etc. plant lives are in danger and in result, in fact, humans are in danger. So, for the survival of both, scientists worked very hard and discover various techniques to transform the genetic material of plants so that they can protect themselves, increase their yield.
Soil is the most important non-renewable resource on any farm. Healthy soil is key to a good