When a planarian’s body part is removed a blastema forms at the wound site to regenerate the affected area. Per Newmark and Alvarado, the blastema is composed of an outer cell layer, or ectoderm, created by epidermal cell shape modifications covers the wound (Alvarado and Newmark, 1). Mesenchymal cells from previously undifferentiated cells form beneath the ectoderm, these cells later differentiate into the removed appendages (Alvarado and Newmark, 1). In the 1900’s, T.H. Morgan began to study planarian regeneration. In order to study the regeneration of old tissue into new tissue, Morgan began to study with “cell marking experiments” (Alvarado and Newmark, 4). The cell marking experiments were carried out “by cauterizing pigment stripes and
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Columbia ecotype suspension- cultured T87 cells were maintained at 22°C in JPL3 medium with continuous illumination and shaking at 100g. Two-week-old cells were sieved through 500 μm stainless mesh and the remaining filtrate was transferred to a flask containing 20 ml of fresh JPL3 medium for subculture.
So far, various techniques have been used for reconstruction and regeneration of maxillary and mandibular bone defects. Autogenous bone grafting, guided bone regeneration (GBR), distraction osteogenesis and nerve transpositioning are among these regenerative techniques (1-8). Decision making for the treatment could be influenced by the type, size and location of the bone defects (2, 3, 9, 10). GBR had high success rate in treating small alveolar defects such as dehiscence or fenestration. Regenerative bony walls around the defect with ingrowing blood vessels can begin osteogenesis (11) larger bone defects with insufficient regenerative walls and an low quality avascular bed need varied amount of autogeneous bone graft from extra oral or intra oral donor sites, however, the patient may suffer from complications in donor site as well as bone graft resorption.(10, 12-15)
The scientists were hoping for the cells to divide into 100 or so cells called blastocysts. They wanted to take these blastocysts and have them grow to replace nerve, muscle and other tissues. But only one of them came to the Six-cell stage and by then it stopped dividing. They had done a similar procedure they had eggs grow without sperm to fertilize, to develop parthenogenetically into blastocysts they think that using these to procedures together they could achieve human cloning.
Children grow up watching movies such as Star Wars as well as Gattaca that contain the idea of cloning which usually depicts that society is on the brink of war or something awful is in the midsts but, with todays technology the sci-fi nature of cloning is actually possible. The science of cloning obligates the scientific community to boil the subject down into the basic category of morality pertaining towards cloning both humans as well as animals. While therapeutic cloning does have its moral disagreements towards the use of using the stem cells of humans to medically benefit those with “incomplete” sets of DNA, the benefits of therapeutic cloning outweigh the disagreements indubitably due to the fact that it extends the quality of life for humans.
When exploring the possibilities that humans will be faced with in the not too distant future in which humans are transformed into something that is human but different, the Trans-human. We see a future offering genetic manipulation, replace parts grown and used when needed, we can even see the possibilities of regeneration. The one that I contend will be the first and probably the fastest path to the future of mankind is the machine brain interface. I define this idea as any device that is not native to the biological human that interacts directly with the brain producing results that either enhance a person’s natural ability or somehow bypasses limitations that injury or disease has inflicted the individual with (paralysis). The closest
Arizona Science Center. (2011, February 1). Busy Bones. ASU - Ask A Biologist. Retrieved November 10, 2017 from http://askabiologist.asu.edu/bone-healing
The research of pigments has performed an important part in the junction of progress, genes, and developing chemistry. Pigmentation's application as a visible phenotypic marker has resulted in over 100 years of intense research of cover shade stresses in lab rats, thereby creating an impressive record of applicant genes and an knowing of the developing systems accountable for the phenotypic results.
Exploring the role of stem cells in cutaneous wound healing: Katherine Lau, Ralf Paus, Stefan Tiede.
Cloning is asexual reproduction. Cuttings are taken from a mother plant in vegatative growth, and rooted in hydroponic medium to be grown as a separate plant. The offspring will be plants that are identical to the parent plant.
The skin is made up of three layers; epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis layer contains stem cells. Stem cells regenerate new skin if the
There are three simple tissues namely, parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Parenchyma is thought of as the ground tissue of an axis since it occurs in greatest abundance and is the tissue in which the vascular tissues are embedded. Parenchyma cells may be isodiametric in both the pith and the cortex, but are more mostly longitudinally elongated in the cortex. They have comparatively thin walls. Wall layers are continuously shaped regions. These simple pits usually occur opposite each other, forming pit-pairs in the walls of contiguous cells. Plasmodesmata (specialized strands of endoplasmic reticulum) form interconnections with the protoplasts of adjacent living cells through simple
Tissue engineering is the study of the growth of connective tissues or cells to produce a fully functioning organs in the patient. Instead of implantation, tissue engineers make an attempt to create organs that will suit the patient without rejection from the immune system. Tissues are extracted from...
A number of organs have the intrinsic ability to regenerate, a distinctive feature that varies among organisms. Organ regeneration is a process not fully yet understood however when its underlyning mechanism are unreveled, it holds tremendous therapeutic potential for humans. [28]
Because cells are the ‘basic unit of life’, the study of cells, cytology, can be considered one of the most important areas of biological research. Almost every day on the evening news, we are told about new discoveries in cell biology, such as cancer research, cloning, and embryology. (https://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073031216/student_view0/exercise3/the_importance_of_cell_biology.html)
The origin of the biological term cell came from Robert Hooke in 1662. He observed tiny compartments in the cork of a mature tree and gave them the Latin name “cellulae”, which translates into “small rooms”. In the late 1680s, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was the first scientist to actually lay eyes on a cell. Before, there had been theories of “cells” but no one had the technology to see something so microscopic yet. Van Leeuwenhoek ran a draper 's shop and wanted to see the quality of the thread, better than the magnifying lenses available at that time. Therefore, he began to develop an interest in lens-making, with an interest already in microscopes and a familiarity with glass