Plan for Rate of Reaction for Halogenoalkanes
Aim
===
Aim of the experiment is to find out and compare the rate of
displacement of the halide ion and how is varies with respect to the
carbon halogen bond. This will occur through a nucleophilic attack.
General equation: general formula:
R-X +: Nu- ® R-Nu + X- CnH2n+1X (where X is the halogen)
Background information halogenoalkanes
======================================
In the reaction of halogenoalkanes bond polarity show us that C-F
would be the most reactive then C-CL, C-Br and C-I would be the lest
reactive. This is due to the electronegativity of the halogen atoms.
Electronegativity is the measure of how strongly an atom in a compound
attaches electron in a bond. The greater the difference in the
electronegativity of two atoms, the more polar is the covalent bond
between the two atoms. So in a carbon halogen bond the halogen is more
electronegative than carbon. Consequently the bond between them is
polarized so the halogen atom is slightly
negative.
Electronegativity values
E.G.
C
2.5
F
4.0
Cl
3.0
Br
2.8
I
2.5
H :Nu- H