This lab was performed to discover the habitat preference of the Armadillidium vulgare and whether or not they prefer a habitat that offers a larger sediment size resulting in protection and coverage. The researchers conducted two experiments which provided the pill bugs a choice of two habitats with differing sediment size and two with similar ones. The pill bugs illustrated a noticeable preference towards that habitats that offered a larger sediment size that resulted in protection and coverage. This showed the researchers that pill bugs do not like to be exposed; they would rather be in an enclosed area than an open space.
In this lab, the researchers sought to explore the habitat sediment size preference of the Armadillidium vulgare, or pill bug. This lab tested the pill bugs through the use of different habitats such
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1). After they were gathered, the researchers filled one side of the choice chamber with the leaf litter and the other with sand (Fig. 2). The researchers left an empty section in the middle where they put the pill bug, so it could choose which side to go to. Once the choice chamber was prepared, one pill bug was placed in the center facing forwards where it could not see either habitat. A cover slip was placed on top of the choice chamber to prevent the pill bug from escaping. The pill bug was in the choice chamber for five minutes. Every one minute, the researchers observed which side the pill bug was in and recorded it. After five minutes, the researchers placed the pill bug into an empty petri dish. Then they repeated the experiment with the other two pill bugs. After they observed all three pill bugs, they switched the material in the choice chamber. The sand was switched with the rocks, and the leaf litter was switched to the opposite side of the choice chamber (Fig. 3). The researchers went through the same process with the same three pill bugs and recorded the
Madagascar hissing cockroaches (Gromphadorhina portentosa) were the ectotherms used to compare standard metabolic rates and mass specific metabolic rates between organisms. To calculate metabolic rates for these individuals a system comprised of many parts was needed. A gas pump was needed to deliver airflow into the system. This gas pump was connected to a flow meter that could detect the flow rate of the gas passing through. The air would then flow into a Ascarite Column that would scrub out the CO2 from the system before the animal chamber was reached so that no CO2 that was not emitted by the animal would be collected. Then the Madagascar hissing cockroach would be in the animal chamber connected to the Ascarite Column and it would
The sowbugs remained in the damp soil for 34 minutes, and the dry soil for a short 6 minutes (Table 1). The sowbugs remained in the damp soil 85% of the time, as opposed to 15% on the dry soil (Table 1). These results suggest that moisture was a causative agent in environment preference for the sowbugs (Table 1).
The resurgence of bedbugs in major U.S cities is a testament of the increase in international travel and increase sale of second-hand furniture which highlights the progress we have made in moving from one place to another and expanding our horizons for commercial benefits. Perhaps with or without realization we have become the vehicles in which bedbugs travel and the vessel of their
5. You will be using this tutorial to help you find references for the experiment and laboratory report you will be working on during lab on pill/sow bugs (see Lab 2 Activity Two in the lab manual). List 4 specific keywords you will use when searching for literature relevant to your pill bug experiment. You should not list “Boolean” operators as keywords. Note that you often will find relevant and very useful literature with related species (not just pill/sow bugs!) (2
Ramona the pest by Beverly Cleary is a silly, exciting and fun book to read. Ramona is excited about the first day of kindergarten. But when she gets there it isn’t what she thought it would be like. Ramona is distracted about another classmate’s hair and can’t wait any longer to touch her hair. Ramona gets in trouble a few times but then gets over it. Her sister Beezus (Beatrice) thinks that she is a pest and everybody in her neighborhood thinks she’s a pest. At first when she starts kindergarten she loves her teacher but when Ramona gets in trouble a few times she’s beginning to thinks her teacher doesn’t like her anymore.
Amalin, D.M., Peña, J.E., Duncan, R., Leavengood, J., Koptur, S. (2009): Effects of Pesticides on the Arthropod Community in the Agricultural Areas near the Everglades
The Effect of Gas Exchange on a Locusts' Breathing Aim- To see the effect of Carbon dioxide on a locusts' ventilation rate. Method- Since the locust was already in the 20cm³ plastic syringe held in a clamp, our first step was to monitor its ventilation movements. By looking at the abdomen, we could clearly see the ventilation movements of the locust, which we counted for thirty seconds. We repeated this three times under normal atmospheric conditions.
However, evidence such as fossils is more than enough to lend support and disprove any other theory to the development of species. Examples used by Root-Bernstein and McEachron also provide strong support to evolution. The authors detail how natural selection works in both insects and germs to create organisms better adapted to methods of control. Disease used to run rampant, until the creation of vaccines which led to many diseases becoming extinct. Root-Bernstein and McEachron note that the diseases that have survived to this day have been constantly mutating and evolving to become more resistant to any attempts at suppression. The same can be said for insects that have been consistently exposed to pesticides. The ones that survived the pesticides were able to reproduce and pass along a resistance to their offspring which in turn makes the species more resilient and better suited to their
Sure, you can imagine a crab sitting on the bottom of the ocean, but if you came across a pill bug you probably wouldn't scream, 'Check out that crustacean!', but pill bugs are crustaceans that live on land! There are too many groups to mention here, so let's just highlight a few, starting with Copepods, which are extremely small crustaceans. There are over 13,000 species that are considered Copepods. Some inhabit freshwater, some live in saltwater, others live in moss and some are even parasitic. The Copepod's claim to fame is probably their importance in the food
For this lab students were instructed to pair off into partners, receive a planarian from one of the TAs, place the planarian in a dish, measure it to the closest millimeter, and then carefully cut it into two pieces at one of the three possible locations; behind the head, about the middle, or near the tail. The partners were then to pick one piece to keep and one to dispose of to observe over the next several weeks. (Planarian Project:
I observed the Tobacco Hornworm in the morning for 2-3 minutes, as well as the evening after I had placed the hornworm under more direct light. Each day I
The Artemia franciscana can survive in extreme conditions of salinity, water depth, and temperature (Biology 108 laboratory manual, 2010), but do A. franciscana prefer these conditions or do they simply cope with their surroundings? This experiment explored the extent of the A. franciscanas preference towards three major stimuli: light, temperature, and acidity. A. franciscana are able to endure extreme temperature ranges from 6 ̊ C to 40 ̊ C, however since their optimal temperature for breeding is about room temperature it can be inferred that the A. franciscana will prefer this over other temperatures (Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). This is much the same in regards to acidity as Artemia franciscana, in general thrive in saline lakes, can survive pH ranges between 7 and 10 with 8 being ideal for cysts(eggs) to hatch (Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). Based on this fact alone the tested A. franciscana should show preference to higher pH levels. In nature A. franciscana feed by scraping food, such as algae, of rocks and can be classified as a bottom feeder; with this said, A. franciscana are usually located in shallow waters. In respect to the preference of light intensity, A. franciscana can be hypothesized to respond to light erratically (Fox, 2001; Al Dhaheri and Drew, 2003). Using these predictions, and the results of the experimentation on the A. franciscana and stimuli, we will be able to determine their preference towards light, temperature, and pH.
Outline the physical similarities between the (Blaptica dubia) cockroach and the cricket. Explain previous studies on physical stress in the cricket and in different species of cockroaches. Briefly discuss how the metabolic rate between the two species has been found to be very similar.
The objective of this experiment is to determine what genes are responsible for the white-eye color in two strains of Drosophila melanogaster, known as the common fruit fly. Drosophila is used as the experimental organism for many reasons which include its small size, easy maintenance, short 10 day generation time, and a fully sequenced genome. The characteristics of the wild type, which is the most common phenotype found in nature, include brick red eyes, long wings, gray/tan body, and smooth bristles. Of course, there are mutations that occur that cause specific traits to deviate from the wild-type phenotype. These traits include wing length, bristle shape, body color, and eye color.
Forensic entomology is the study of insects and arthropods and their relation to a criminal investigation. Forensic entomology can determine the postmortem interval (PMI) or how long since the descendants’ death, whether the body has been moved since expiring, and what injuries may have been sustained (Ryan, 2011). When decomposition begins, insects establish a colony to lay eggs on the remains; these eggs will hatch into larvae that will eat the human organs and tissues. Forensic entomologists can determine the specific insects present in the body and estimate how long a body has been left exposed by examining the stage of development of the fly larvae; however, these findings are not always plausible. The fly larvae look and act different at each stage of development. The time required for stage development is not only affected by environmental influences such as geographical location, climate, and weather conditions, but also by type of insect. The forensic entomologist must consider these conditions when estimating the postmortem interval. Knowledge of insects, their life cycles, and their habits make entomological evidence a priceless tool for an investigation. Forensic entomology has proved its significance in a number of cases; though circumstances such as weather, temperature, and time of year clearly affect the development of insect infestation, and the expert must keep these in the forefront of his/her mind (Innes, 2000).