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The physics of aircrafts
Flight and space physics
Speed of sound experiment physics a level
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The Speed of "Sound": is actually the speed of transmission of a small disturbance through a medium. The speed of sound (a) is equal to the square root of the ratio of specific heats (g) times the gas constant (R) times the absolute temperature (T).
a = sqrt [g * R * T]
Sonic Boom
Sound generated by airflow has been around and reasearched for a long time. The increased use of fluid machines and engines has led to an increasing level of noise generation, and hence to an increasing interest in this area of research.
A sonic boom is a loud noise caused by an aircraft travelling faster than the speed of sound which is mach one.. The sound propagates along the figure which is called
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a = sqrt [g * R * T]
Since the speed of a wave is defined as the distance which a point on a wave travels per unit of time, it is often expressed in units of meters/second. In equation form, this is speed(s)=distance(d)/time(t). Distance is usually measured in Meters, and time is measured in seconds, thus giveing us the equation Speed=(meters)/(seconds)
The Doppler effect is a phenomenon observed whenever the source of waves is moving with respect to an observer such as a car passing by a person of a plane flying overhead. The Doppler effect can be described as the effect produced by a moving source of waves where there is an apparent upward shift in the frequency or ammount of waves, for the observer and the source are approaching and an apparent downward shift in frequency when the observer and the source is receding.
The Doppler effect can be observed to occur with all types of waves. We are most familiar with the Doppler effect because of our experiences with sound waves. Such experiences may have been as you stand on the side of the highway and a police car with it's sirens blazing passes by and listening to the siren as it approaches and as it passes and travels
...Another way to decrease the disturbance over the wings are to move the wings lower than the horizontal stabilizer or visa versa to allow the shock waves moving over each wing to miss each other. Most aircraft today do not have enough fuel to maintain the speed of sound for great distances. Engineers have designed a brand new aircraft known as the F-22, which has the ability to fly an entire mission at supersonic speeds. The speed of light is unattainable by aircraft due to drag. We have no materials that could with stand the heat caused by the friction of the air moving over its body, nor materials strong enough to be able to take the enormous drag. Today there is no thrust capability that would allow for the speed of light. Although aircraft has proved such things as time dilation it is still impossible for an aircraft to travel at 900,000 miles per second.
Major Ted Tolman’s F-105 Thud fighter/bomber streaked through the air at just under the speed of sound. His aircraft performed modestly at best, struggling to maintain its speed and altitude under the heavy load of ordinance and fuel it carried under its wings (Patrick).
The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether if the sound is affected when it travels through different length pipes. The method used to do this experiment was created by using 5 different PVC pipes in the lengths of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 centimeters. Then, using a tuning fork, sound will be produced on one end of the PVC pipe and measured with a decimeter on the other end. This experiment was recorded using 5 trials for each independent level and the average decibels (dB) for each pipe length were recorded.
Unless you travel into the vacuum of space, sound is all around you every day.. You hear sounds; you don't touch them. But as the vibrations that sound creates in other objects. The idea that something so intangible can lift objects can seem unbelievable, but it's a real phenomenon.
Introduction to Aerodynamics Aerodynamics is the study of the motion of fluids in the gas state and bodies in motion relative to the fluid/air. In other words, the study of aerodynamics is the study of fluid dynamics specifically relating to air or the gas state of matter. When an object travels through fluid/air there are two types of flow characteristics that happen, laminar and turbulent. Laminar flow is a smooth, steady flow over a smooth surface and it has little disturbance. Intuition would lead to the belief that this type of air flow would be desirable.
An object that is falling through the atmosphere is subjected to two external forces. The first force is the gravitational force, expressed as the weight of the object. The weight equation which is weight (W) = mass (M) x gravitational acceleration (A) which is 9.8 meters per square second on the surface of the earth. The gravitational acceleration decreases with the square of the distance from the center of the earth. If the object were falling in a vacuum, this would be the only force acting on the object. But in the atmosphere, the motion of a falling object is opposed by the air resistance or drag. The drag equation tells us that drag is equal to a coefficient times one half the air density (R) times the velocity (V) squared times a reference area on which the drag coefficient is based.
Travelling at a speed twice that of sound might seem to be futuristic; however, this feat was already achieved almost 40 years ago by the world’s only supersonic passenger aircraft, the Concorde. Concorde brought a revolution in the aviation industry by operating transatlantic flights in less than four hours. The slick and elegant aircraft with one of the most sophisticated engineering was one of the most coveted aircraft of its time. However, this was all destined to end when Air France Flight 4590 was involved in a tragic disaster just outside the city of Paris on July 25, 2000. The crash killed 113 people, but more disastrous was its impact.
Imagine going back millions of years just to hunt a dinosaur. Imagine trekking through the jungle and seeing a gigantic thirty-foot tall ten-ton beast. Shooting at it causes the dinosaur to run forward, and a little step off of the Path in fear causes a catastrophe. “A Sound of Thunder” by Ray Bradbury proves that making mistakes can cost you more than you ever imagined. Looking into certain aspects of the story will help to define how mistakes came about, and how to solve them.
A transducer is a mechanism that changes one form of energy to another form. A toaster is a transducer that turns electricity into heat; a loudspeaker is a transducer that changes electricity into sound. Likewise, an ultrasound transducer changes electricity voltage into ultrasound waves, and vice versa. This is possible because of the principle of piezoelectricity, which states that some materials (ceramics, quartz, and others) produce a voltage when deformed by an applied pressure. Conversely, piezoelectricity also results in production of a pressure whe...
Sounds are produced by the vibrations of material objects, and travel as a result of
The voice is our primary mean of communication and expression. We rarely last more than a few minutes without its use whether it is talking to someone else or humming quietly to ourselves. We can use the voice artistically in many ways. For example, singing carries the rhythm and melody of speech. It creates patterns of pitch, loudness, and duration that tie together syllables, phrases and sentences. We use the voice for survival, emotion, expression, and to reflect our personality. The loss of the voice is a severe curtailment to many professions. It is affected by general body condition which is why we need to consider the location of the larynx and how that organ produces voice. Surprisingly, this complex biological design is mechanical in function. It is mechanical to the point that when it has been excised from a cadaver and mounted on a laboratory bench, the larynx produces sounds resembling normal phonation. (Titze, Principles)
Everest, F. and Pohlmann, K. 2009. Master Handbook of Acoustics. 5th ed. of the book. Johnlsayers.com.
as Hertz (Hz). The sounds of speech are in the range of 250 Hz to 4000
The roar of the people surrounding me is like being right behind the jet of
Wilson, D. G., & Korakianitis, T. (1998). The design of high-efficiency turbomachinery and gas turbines (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.