Photovoltaic Rural Electrification Possibilities in Indonesia and the Philippines
With energy demands outpacing the growth in energy supply in rural areas of the developing world such as Indonesia and the Philippines, traditional electricity sources and structures will not be able to address many problems with current systems of rural electrification. Both Indonesia and the Philippines have large rural populations which are scattered over huge geographic distances that contribute in large part to the growing problem with conventional rural electrification. Indonesia is an archipelago whose 17,000 islands spread over 1.83 million km2, and 65% of the 194 million inhabitants live in rural areas (IEA2 165). Likewise the Philippines' archipelago includes more than 7100 islands scattered over 1,295,000 km2 of ocean, and 59% of the population live in rural areas (IEA2 203). At the growing rates of population, income, and energy demands in both countries, the current system and sources for rural electrification are likely to be extremely costly-economically, socially, and environmentally. Implementing photovoltaic electricity systems as pre-electrification in rural areas where satisfactory grid supplies are not likely to be available within the next 10-15 years and where it is technically suitable, affordable and the least-cost solution for the applications needed, can help alleviate burdens on the electricity sectors and allow for improvements in supplies while accomplishing energy objectives more effectively than the current system.
In addition to the apparent gap between energy supplies and demands, the structure of the electricity sector, rural and urban consumption and supply disparities, below cost pricing, and environmental issues underscore the problems with burdensome conventional rural electrification programs. All of these factors indicate the need for alternative electricity sources in Indonesia and the Philippines. In these areas where income is also rising, photovoltaic systems may be ideal ways to address that need.
I. The energy problem: demand and supply
Energy consumption has been growing far more rapidly in developing countries in the past decade than in developed countries. The International Energy Agency estimates that by 2010 the current level of demand for energy in developing countries will more than double and will account for almost 40% of world energy demand, due to both population growth and economic growth (IEA1 3). The East Asian region of the world is particularly important in the evolution of world energy demand because of its rapid economic growth and since there has been a clear positive correlation between economic growth and energy demand growth.
It is difficult to face anything in the world when you cannot even face your own reality. In his book The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini uses kites to bring out the major themes of the novel in order to create a truly captivating story of a young boy’s quest to redeem his past mistakes. Amir is the narrator and protagonist of the story and throughout the entire novel, he faces enormous guilt following the horrible incident that happened to his closest friend, Hassan. This incident grows on Amir and fuels his quest for redemption, struggling to do whatever it takes to make up for his mistakes. In Hosseini’s novel, kites highlight aspects of Afghanistan’s ethnic caste system and emphasizes the story’s major themes of guilt, redemption and freedom.
As the global population increases exponentially, having passed six billion in 1999, the world population is expected to be 8.9 billion by the year 2050. The worlds energy consumption will increase by an estimated 54 percent by 2025. Energy demand in the industrialized world is projected to grow 1.2 percent per year. Energy is a critical component of sustained economic growth and improved standards of living. One of the major requirements for sustaining human progress is an adequate source of energy. As the world’s technological enhancements and standards of living improve, so too does their appetite for electricity.
On May 29, 2003 Khaled Hosseini published his first book, The Kite Runner. It is a tale of Amir, an Afghan boy trying to atone for the mistakes of his childhood. One interesting factor of Khaled Hosseini’s book is his use of fragments. Fragments encourage depth and creates powerful writing. He has used them to reflect a paragraph, to emphasize a single action verb, and translate Farsi into English.
In, Outside the Solar Village One utopian Farm, by, Wes Jackson, he explains about the expressions of human beings and how nature fills the world with such great full things. He explains how every community can enhance to become something that their children and their children’s children will want to continue on as their ancestors did to live and grow, instead of leaving. We think that technology can save us money but it doesn’t always save us money. Sometimes technology ends up costing a lot more than we think it will in the end and robs from our natural recourses.
Diversity management initiatives are long term and strategic in focus. They strive not only to recruit, but to actively develop, promote and capitalize on the different skills and perspectives of minority employees (Marquis, 2007.) Every day, peopl...
In the novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini tells a notable coming-of-age story portraying the actions and thoughts of Amir, a penitent adult living in the United States and his reminiscence of his affluent childhood in the unstable political environment of Afghanistan. Throughout the novel Khaled Hosseini uses character description to display his thoughts on sin and redemption.
Solar cells have been around since 1883, when the first solar cell was created. Even though they have been around for so long, many people still wonder why they have not been implemented into wide-scale usage already. Solar cells today are highly efficient and can provide enough energy to power many cities today. But what is holding them back from being used in developing countries that have a chance to base their society around them, or in already developed countries? Simply put- the cost.
Within an organization, diversity is considered a having a population of people that are of different races or cultures working collectively. From this collection of people, a variance of perspective is formed and talent is fostered in order to maximize performance. These great minds work
Diversity is a highly important issue in today’s business, especially in a globalized company. Workplace diversity helps to get better solutions to business problems (Schawbel, 2012). When you have a group of individ...
Khaled Hosseini on his novel The Kite Runner illustrates that how the hero of this novel “Amir” affected by his father. Amir thought that his father does not love him because Amir admits
Energy is the basic necessity of daily life. Nowadays, dependence on fossil fuels for energy needs becoming lower in numerous countries due to the potential of renewable energy to supply sustainable energy to the huge populations in many developing countries who are short of clean and continues energy. Generally, renewable energy can be defined as energy that is derived from natural resources which are constantly replenished and theoretically inexhaustible. Fossil fuels on the other hand can be described as energy that cannot be renewed and will eventually diminish. Thus, in many developing countries renewable energy is the alternative energy to replace non-renewable energy or commonly known as fossil fuels. In addition, according to Sorensen (2004), there is a greater demand for renewable energy sources nowadays due to the uncertainty of fuel price rise in living expenses. Commonly, there are many types of renewable energy available in our world such as wind power, biomass energy, solar energy, hydroelectric power and geothermal energy. However, the main three example of renewable energy are hydroelectric power, solar and biomass energy (Refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is a novel based in Afghanistan that shows the betrayal between two boys with two different social backgrounds. Four years later “The Kite Runner” was filmed by David Benioff, which shows the meaningful message that the book delivers in a movie. Throughout the book and movie, Amir the protagonist must live the rest of his life with guilt from his childhood. Although the movie gave the same meaningful message that the book delivered, the book was further developed, which had more detail and kept the readers wanting more. Ultimately these details that were present in the novel gave the readers a better understanding of the characters, which led to the relationships
Preview: Today I will discuss the potential that solar power has to become this country’s main supply of energy and the latest research that can make solar power more efficient and cost effective. I will also present the environmental benefits that come with using solar power over other and more harmful forms of energy.
Khaled Hosseini’s goals in The Kite Runner are to create an immediate impact on the reader to the pain and suffering in Kabul, Afghanistan. The author successfully uses vivid (sometimes vulgar) descriptions to paint a realistic portrait of a country that most readers probably have very little connection to. On top of illustrating the gruesome setting of Kabul, Hosseini also emotionally connects the reader to the characters by using flashbacks and a first person point of view. The story is mainly narrated by the main character Amir, who
middle of paper ... ... g the Energy Revolution." Foreign Affairs. Nov/Dec 2010: 111. SIRS Issues Researcher.