Photosynthetic Acclimation Essay

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Recommended: the effect of light on photosynthesis

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BIOL3107 Review
Katharine Bassett U5181666

Introduction

In order for plants and algae to survive, they must have the ability to acclimate, which is the process of adjusting to a gradual change in the environment [1]. As these organisms are unable to escape from harsh environmental conditions (e.g. extremes in temperature or extremes in carbon dioxide concentration), they must acclimate to persist in their particular niche. Photosynthetic acclimation allows photosynthetic organisms to alter their levels of photosynthesis so that it maintains optimal performance depending on their environment, and also protects their photosynthetic machinery from photooxidative damage [2]. In light dependent reactions of photosynthesis, light energy is captured by antenna pigments in photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) and this energy is transferred to the reaction centre in each photosystem [3]. This drives the transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to NADP+ forming NADPH, and also generates a proton motive force used for the synthesis of ATP [3]. The NADPH and ATP produced are required to fix carbon dioxide by RuBisCO and the Calvin-Benson cycle and to support other metabolic reactions[3].

PSII and its light-harvesting complex proteins (LHCII) create a large complex[4] . Light energy is captured by the complex and is transferred to a central dimeric core, and is used to drive the flow of electrons from water to plastoquinone (PQ) [4]. PSI and its light-harvesting complex proteins (LHCI) also create a large complex[5]. The PSI complex captures light energy used to drive the flow of electrons from plastocyanin (Pc) to ferredoxin (Fd). This process takes place on the t...

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...ity Photosynthesis Research 2013, 117:449-459.
12. Takahashi H, Clowez S, Wollman F, Vallon O, Rappaport F: Cyclic electron flow is redox-controlled but independent of state transition Nature Communications 2013, 4.
13. Johnson X, Steinbeck J, Dent R, Takahashi H, Richaud P, Ozawa S, Houille-Vernes L, Petroutsos D, Rappaport F, Grossman A, et al.: PHR5-mediated cyclic electron flow under ATP or redox limited conditions: a study of ATPase pgr5 and rbcL pgr5 mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiology 2014:113.
14. Hertle A, T B, Wunder T, Pesaresi P, Pribil M, Armbruster U, Leister D: PGRL1 is the elusive ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase in photosynthetic cyclic electron flow. Molecular Cell 2013, 49:511-523.
15. Johnson G: Physiology of PSI cyclic electron transport in higher plants Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Bioenergetics 2011, 1807:906-911.

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