Philosophical Ethical Theories As we know, philosophers divide ethical theories into three major
classes. They are Metaethics(descriptive), Conceptual(applied), and
Normative(prescriptive).
Metaethics basically takes the scientific approach to concocting where
exactly our ethical principals and philosophies come from (Feiser,
2005). Descriptions and explanations of moral behaviors and beliefs
are provided on the basis of facts studied by such specialists of
anthropology, sociology and history (Beauchamp & Bowie, 2005).
Conceptual ethics covers huge controversial issues on the basis of
what is right, good, and established by justice, virtues,
responsibilities and obligations. These credited terms are examples
submitted by Beauchamp and Bowie on page 6 of our text. James Feiser
explains that issues such as abortion, animal rights, capital
punishment, nuclear war, etc. would fall under conceptual ethics.
Normative ethics distinguishes the differences between what is right
and wrong (Feiser, 2005); what mom and dad taught us growing up. It is
defined by what is accepted as the societal “norm” (Beauchamp & Bowie,
2005). Is killing someone ok? No. Is saving a life ok? Yes. Is
defending your life ok? Yes. If either the attacker or defendant dies
in an act of self-defense for one’s life, who’s to blame? In our
society, what is established as the norm is if the attacker dies, the
defendant is not held responsible because they acted in self-defen...
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...of contact, so
to help stop them, you are acting forthright, emphasis on right, and
just.
Normative- Management in a company that started small but has
exponentially grown since decides that a Human Resources department
needs to be implemented into the workplace to create a balanced
environment. They are the parents of the employees, while they’re at
work anyway.
In each scenario, all philosophies can be applied.
Beauchamp, Tom L. & Bowie, Norman E. (2005). Ethical Theory and
Business, a Custom Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson
Custom Publishing.
Feiser, James. (2005). Ethics. Retrieved August 23, 2005 from the
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy website:
http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/e/ethics.htm#SSH2c.i
Exodus 20:13. (1999). The King James Slimline Bible. USA: Thomas
Nelson.
Sometimes in life there are instances in which and individual must make a decision that will question their moral fiber. These instances could vary from whether or not to help others in need, decide whether an action is right or wrong or even when deciding who should live and who must die. How does one logically reason to an ethnical conclusion to these situations?
This is because if you are doing it after contemplating it and for protection and others, it should be deemed as correct. That is why a charge in court can be taken away if the jury finds it self-defense. It is not morally correct but, it is not something you should be sentenced to jail for committing. Although it is unfortunate that people die, it is an everyday life occurrence. It just depends on the way they die that makes it stand out. Murder is never permitted and punishable. Killing out of hate, anger, and being mentally unstable is not allowed, therefore is considered murder. Both protagonists did what they ordered to do to stay alive and protect other people from getting hurt. They did not want to kill, but it had come to be their last
Cahn, Steven M. and Peter Markie, Ethics: History, Theory and Contemporary Issues. 4th Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
n this reflective journal entry, we are going to look at that the ethical issues that were presented in the Ethics Game simulations, the decision-making steps that were completed to address ethically the issues, and the ethical lenses that I used to make decisions throughout the simulation. We are also going to take a look at how these different ethical lenses influenced my decision and the how I could use the concepts that I have learned in my workplace.
Ethical principals are extremely important to understand in the healthcare field. Ethical responsibilities in any situation depend on the role of the healthcare worker and the nature of the decision being made. Healthcare administrators and professionals must make ethical decisions that can be an everyday or controversial situation. When making such decisions, it is imperative to consider the four major principles of ethics: autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and distributive. By using these four principles, ethical decisions can effectively be made. For the purpose of this paper, examined will be the example of the treatment of an uninsured homeless patient. Poor health care be a cause and a result of homelessness.
Ethical principles in healthcare are significant to the building blocks of mortality. The principles are beneficence, autonomy, justice, and nonmaleficence. Although these principles can be certainly followed they can also be disregarded. Beneficence is a theory that assures each procedure given is entirely beneficial to that patient to help them advance within their own good. For example, There was a young girl, the age of 17. She had been being treated at a small private practice since she was born. She was recently diagnosed with lymphoma and was only given a few more years to live. Her doctors at the private practice who had been seeing her for years were very attached to her and wanted to grant this dying girl her every wish. They promised
Would you say that it’s ever moral to kill an innocent person? What do you consider a living person? When their heart has a beat, when they’re breathing? After a lady is pregnant for five weeks their baby 's heart has started to tick, though you can’t
It is morally justified to kill criminals who have lost their right to life and whom we have a right to kill.
The word “Ethics” has its root in the Greek word ‘ethos’, which means character, spirit and attitude of a group of people or culture. Ethics is defined in the Concise Oxford Dictionary as: a system of moral principles, by which human actions may be judged good or bad or right or wrong, and the rules of conduct recognized in respect of a particular class of human actions.
One can say that a person’s autonomy is proof enough to decide if they choose to discontinue life saving treatment. Be that as it may, when can a medical professional decide to ignore the patient’s request? To answer this question I will be using the principlist method argue when it is necessary for a medical professional to do what is in the best interest of the patient, even if it means violating their autonomy. Autonomy, or respecting one’s actions or choices, is one of the four main principles of morality. Autonomy is a major component of informed consent and to give consent is to be competent. Thus, I will be providing information of what it means to be competent. The second principle of morality is beneficence or the obligation to help
In this diverse society we are confronted everyday with so many ethical choices in provision of healthcare for individuals. It becomes very difficult to find a guideline that would include a border perspective which might include individual’s beliefs and preference across the world. Due to these controversies, the four principles in biomedical ethic which includes autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice help us understand and explain which medical practices are ethical and acceptable. These principles are not only used to protect the rights of a patient but also the physician from being violated.
Every day we are confronted with questions of right and wrong. These questions can appear to be very simple (Is it always wrong to lie?), as well as very complicated (Is it ever right to go to war?). Ethics is the study of those questions and suggests various ways we might solve them. Here we will look at three traditional theories that have a long history and that provide a great deal of guidance in struggling with moral problems; we will also see that each theory has its own difficulties. Ethics can offer a great deal of insight into the issues of right and wrong; however, we will also discover that ethics generally won’t provide a simple solution on which everyone can agree (Mosser, 2013).
Ethical theories are a way of finding solutions to ethical dilemmas using moral reasoning or moral character. The overall classification of ethical theories involves finding a resolution to ethical problems that are not necessarily answered by laws or principles already in place but that achieve justice and allow for individual rights. There are many different ethical theories and each takes a different approach as to the process in which they find a resolution. Ethical actions are those that increase prosperity, but ethics in business is not only focused on actions, it can also involve consequences of actions and a person’s own moral character.
There may be other principles which are not special cases of these, e.g. respecting life.
Philosopher David Hume divided the term “ethics” into three distinctive areas; meta-ethics, which focuses on the language used when talking about ethical issues. The general approach to this area of ethics is, it explores the nature of moral judgement, and it looks at the meaning of ethical principles. Normative ethics tries to find practical moral code that we can live by. It is concerned with the content of moral judgements and the criteria for what is right and wrong. Finally applied-ethics is the application of ethical theories and using them in real life issues such as medical research or human rights (Hume D, 2011).