Phen/Fen
What is Phen/Fen and How Does it Work?
Phen/fen is a popular drug treatment for obesity and binge eating disorders. Two medications named phentermine (phen) and fenfluramine (fen) are taken together in order to work in a balanced fashion on two of the body's neurotransmitters. Phentermine blocks the absorption of a neurotransmitter called dopamine. Dopomine is a stimulant that raises the body's temperature and increases metabolic rate. The effect of this blockage is a decreased appetite and an increase in metabolic rate (http://www.ulink.net/-dtison/). Fenfluramine works on the nuerotransmitter called serotonin. Increased levels of serotonin make someone feel calm and full. Fenfluramine increases the levels of serotonin available for the body to use which tricks the body into feeling fuller and decreasing one's appetite. 'The strength of the fen/phen protocol is that it permits regulation of each nuerotransmitter independently. Were there to be an insuff iciency of dopomine, the phentermine (phen) dose can be increased; an excess of serotonin, the fenfluramine (fen) dose is tapered' (http://www.fenphen.com/philosophy.html).
Phen/fen regulates the body's natural chemistry and keeps it in balance. By doing so, 'it eliminates psychological cravings for food, cuts down excessive hunger, and reduces depression-related ailments that result in eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia" (http://www.fenphen.com/hope.html).
The internet contains hundreds of web sites full of information on phen/fen along with advertisements for the treatment. But, it should be understood that "they are not 'fat pills,' as has been mentioned in some of the news media; they do not absorb fat or block fat from entering the system. They do not alter one's genetic make-up, which can be a contributing cause of obesity' (http://kingsfans.com/wein.htm)
Who Qualifies for Treatment?
Phen/fen treatments are meant for people who have a BMI (body mass index) of 28 or higher or are at least 20% over their ideal body weight (Anonymous, 1996). However, cases have been documented where people have been given the treatment who did not fit that criteria. For example, Teagan Clive (1997) reported in Joe Weider's Muscle and Fitness that she received the treatment although she was only 8% over her ideal body weight. The bottom line is that these companies are selling a product to make money, and they are not too concerned with people's health.
To see if you qualify for treatment, check out the Medical Weight Management web site (http://www.phenfen.com). The site has a place to fill in your measurements so that you can calculate your body mass index and find out if you can sign up.
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were completely at odds in their vision on how America was to develop. Hamilton wanted to concentrate power in a centralized federal government with limited access and Jefferson wished to diffuse it among all the eligible freemen of the time. Alexander Hamilton feared anarchy and distrusted popular rule while Jefferson feared tyranny and thought in terms of liberty and freedom.
Jefferson and Hamilton both articulated admirable visions of America’s future, and both believed to be carrying out the legacy of the revolution. Hamilton favored a strong central government, a balanced market oriented economy and a national bank. Jefferson, on the other hand, desired to create strong state governments, have agriculture as the backbone of America and little government involvement within the economy. Despite the merits of each vision, implementation of only one of the plans would have led to either a very different or shortened American history. As such, it was necessary for the plans, to “blend” in an unconventional way. With both politicians insisting their plans were in the best interest of the country, an outright compromise
Both, Hamilton and Jefferson were founding fathers. They saw the need for a successful American government, and the need to re-write the Articles of the Confederation. Both wanted America to succeed and become a great nation. However, they had different opinions on how the nation should get there and who should be in power.
Jefferson’s agricultural viewpoint was vastly different from Hamilton’s manufacturing perspective. Though they both envisioned a great and prosperous nation, they had contrasting opinions on how this should occur. Hamilton, a Federalist, believed the rich and powerful should be the central government for all people, as they knew better how to foster and protect the em...
From matters concerning who should govern, to the structure of government, to the economy, as well as foreign affairs, Jefferson and Hamilton could not agree. Jefferson, a strong advocate for the protection of individual liberties, made an assertion regarding the freedom of religion in his Notes on the State of Virginia. “But our rulers can have authority over such natural rights, only as we have submitted to them,” (Jefferson, 345). Though Jefferson and Hamilton can agree as much to this regard, the authority to which a government is given, is given by the people. However, Hamilton was not a strong advocate for the constant freedom of individual liberties. Instead, Hamilton thought that individual liberties, such as freedom of speech and/or religion, ought to be restricted at times. Jefferson reiterated his position on the protection of religious freedom when he claimed, “The legitimate powers of government extend to such acts only as are injurious to others. But it does me no injury for my neighbor to say there are twenty gods, or no god,” (Jefferson, 345). Jefferson recognizes the lack of injury that results from conscious beliefs. If it is simply a belief or opinion, and does no harm to another, what purpose would restriction or oppression of this particular belief serve? If nothing else, it serves the purpose of doing none other than oppressing. “That ours is but one of that thousand. That if there be but one right, and ours that one, we should wish to see the 999 wandering sects gathered into the fold of truth. But against such a majority we cannot effect this by force,” (Jefferson, 346). Seemingly an appeal to logic, Jefferson makes a compelling argument about the multitude of religions that inhabit the world. In all reality, religion is but simply an opinion, an opinion that has served as the cause of wars and blood spilled
According to Scott (2008), the Constitution of America has undergone several translations within the history of America because they found it to be unclear. Whereas it appears discrepant that the unclear Constitution could be useful, the disagreement is the case (Robertson, 2005). Americans regard the Constitution to be helpful for the reason that it allows for diverseness of views. In the history of America, a variety of thoughts would develop with alarming and formidable support through various factions (Robertson, 2005). Today, the main political arguments are presented from the Republican group or Democratic group. During the early periods of the American government, arguments on politics were made by Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton as the greatest personalities of that time (Pancake, 1974). However, the visions of these personalities for the American future were absolutely dissimilar. Both Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton were statesmen and outstanding founders of America (Scott, 2008). Thomas Jefferson was the first Secretary of the States, while Alexander Hamilton was the Treasury Secretary (Scott, 2008). These two personalities were very well-educated. Thomas Jefferson got his education at the College of William and Mary in Virginia, while Alexander Hamilton graduated from Kings College, currently known as Columbia University, in New York.
Overall, chromium picolinate works to control hunger, spare protein and stimulate metabolism. "In order to control the appetite, especially reduce sugar cravings, chromium picolinate sensitizes the 'glucostat' in the brain that monitors blood sugar availability and tells the body when it's hungry or not hungry. In order to spare protein, chromium picolinate 'sensitzes' muscle to insulin, and helps to preserve muscle in dieters so that they burn more fat and less muscle. This preservation of lean body mass has an important long-term positive effect on metabolic rate. This process helps dieters keep off the fat that they lose. It works because insulin directly stimulates protein synthesis and retards protein breakdown in muscles. During low calorie diets, as insulin levels decline , the 'protein sparing' process also declines. Chromium picolinate also stimulates metabolism. In order to do this, chromium picolinate aides the heat producing effects of insulin .
The political standings of Hamilton and Jefferson were the foundation and beginning of their lifelong arguments and disagreements. Hamilton was the leader and founder of the Federalists, whereas Thomas Jefferson was an Anti-Federalist. These were the first two American parties, and the core question that created them was: how strong should the central government be? Hamilton argued for a stronger central government, whereas Jefferson favored a weaker, decentralized government. This core concept influenced the policies they sponsored, their ideologies, our government, and how the constitution is, was, and just might always be viewed.
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton’s political philosophies dominated American politics after the American Revolution. Although both men took part in the Revolution, these men had opposing views on the America’s path. Their diverging views helped in the formation of political parties. Hamilton was a federalist, while Jefferson was anti-federalist. Jefferson contributed immensely to the founding of the Democratic Republican Party, and as such, believed in the individual rights and liberties of citizens. Hamilton, in contrast, did not favour the idea of civil rights and was essentially opposed to the inclusion of the Bill of Rights into the Constitution. Hamilton believed in a strong central government. Because he had served in the army
Hudson, James I., McElroy, Susan L. Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1998; 155: 1756-1762.
Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton held very different views on almost everything in regards to American politics. While they were both wealthy, well-educated men, they had dramatically different views on the power of the federal government, the economy, and their general view of Americans. Hamilton believed in a strong federal government that would be led by the well-educated elite. He even stated, “Give therefore to the first class a distinct, permanent share of the government. They will check the unsteadiness of the second, and as they cannot receive any advantage by a change, they therefore will ever maintain good government.” His supporters, who were generally Northern businessmen and bankers, reflected these opinions. Jefferson, however, believed that the future of the United States was in farming. He believed in a limited national government and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The biggest argument between the
Eating disorders are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating that impairs health or psychosocial functioning. The disorders include anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and bulimia nervosa [1]. The aim of this review is focused on the use of drugs (antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and appetite stimulants) in the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN).
With the works of Self Reliance and Nature, Ralph Waldo Emerson defined how one would find the miraculous in the ordinary. Emerson does not pose what common miracles are but teaches the readers how to find the wonders themselves. In Self Reliance, Emerson stresses the importance of becoming a person with individual thought but not secluded in darkness. As he wrote, : “It is/easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in /solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he in the /midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the/ independence of solitude….” (34-38). In Emerson’s eyes, a true non-conformist is able to have their thoughts untouched in the world of opinions. Someone who possesses that quality is an independent thinker and alludes back to the title of Emerson’s poem. “Nature” places less emphasis on the idea of independent thinking and more on solitude in natural surroundings, a state Emerson explains as, “…a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.” To Emerson, nature is similar to personal bliss; a person can be distanced from life trifles and find tranquility within the ...
MaHuang is an herbal supplement found in products such as Metabolife and SoBeTrim, which claim to stimulate weight loss. It is available in the form of a pill, a powder, or a liquid and is often used in combination with other drugs such as caffeine and aspirin. In addition to being used in weight loss supplements, MaHuang is also promoted as “natural ecstasy” (Theoharides, 1997) and is often abused under this guise. MaHuang as “herbal ecstasy” is also called ultimate X-phoria or Cloud 9 (Zahn, 1997).