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pharmaceuticals industries analysis
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INTRODUCTION
Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom
The pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom directly employs around 72,000 people and in 2010 contributed £8.4 billion to the UK's GDP and invested a total of £3.9 billion in research and development. In 2007 exports of pharmaceutical products from the UK totalled £14.6 billion, creating a trade surplus in pharmaceutical products of £4.3 billion.
The UK is home to GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca, respectively the world's fifth- and sixth-largest pharmaceutical companies measured by 2010 market share. Foreign companies with a major presence in the UK pharmaceutical industry include Pfizer, Novartis, Hoffmann–La Roche and Eisai. One in five of the world's biggest-selling prescription drugs were developed in the UK.
Research and Development
In 2012 the UK had the third-highest share of global pharmaceutical R&D expenditure of any nation, with 9% of the total, behind the United States (49%) and Japan (15%). The UK has the largest pharmaceutical R&D expenditure of any European nation, accounting for 23% of the total; followed by France (20%), Germany (19%), and Switzerland (11%).
Pharmaceutical Industry in India
The Pharmaceutical industry in India is the world's third-largest in terms of volume. According to Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, the total turnover of India's pharmaceuticals industry between 2008 and September 2009 was US$21.04 billion. While the domestic market was worth US$12.26 billion. The industry holds a market share of $14 billion in the United States.
According to Brand India Equity Foundation, the Indian pharmaceutical market is likely to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14-17 per cent in between...
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...steroids, iron chelators, musculoskeletal, neuropsychiatry, nutritional and ophthalmic products, oncology, respiratory, urology, and women’s health in various dosage forms. It also provides veterinary products for various animals, including companion, equine, general care, live stock, and poultry. In addition, the company offers inhaled medication and devices, such as dry powder inhalers, single-dose capsule and multi-dose dry powder inhalers, breath-actuated metered dose inhalers, non-static spacers, baby and infant masks, and nasal sprays. Further, it provides consulting, commissioning, plant engineering, and technical know-how transfer and support services. Cipla has over 2000 products in 65 therapeutic categories available in over 40 dosage forms. Its key products include the following drugs - Escitalopram (anti-depressant), Lamivudine, Fluticasone propionate.
Estimated annual revenue from U.S. drug trade is more than $3 billion, just short of Fortune 500
As per WHO "The 10 largest drugs companies control over one-third of this market, several with sales of more than US$10 billion a year and profit margins of about 30%. Six are based in the United States and four in Europe. Companies currently spend one-third of all sales revenue on marketing their products - roughly twice what they spend on research and development."
The Indian pharmaceutical industry enjoys certain advantages, which include low cost of innovation and capital expenditure, and strong domestic support in production, from raw material requirements to finished goods. The competitive structure of the pharmaceutical industry was being redefined due to the threat of new entrants, intense price competition, entry of large players, and new regulations and rules as well as a shift in focus. In addition, the partnerships between pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies were growing rapidly. The global pharmaceutical market is undergoing rapid transformation. There has been a dramatic shift towards emerging markets as western markets slow down.
Pharmaceutical industry used to be a powerhouse industry with revenue of billions dollar. 1995 through 2002 was the hey-day period of pharmaceutical industry. In this period, profitability for the pharmaceutical companies was three times more than profitability of the median of all Fortune 500 companies in 2004.
It is said that name-brand prescription drugs in Canada cost approximately 40% less than they do in America. But it is illegal for the transport of drugs from Canada to America. Why? It is because Pharmaceuticals are simply greedy and prey on victims that are in need of their products to survive. It makes it hard for large households on a budget to purchase drugs to keep healthy. The way pharmaceutical companies look at their clients is like this: It is a life or death situation for them so the customers have to buy it in order to survive. According to the annual Fortune 500 survey, the pharmaceutical industry, expectedly, made it at the top of the list of the most profitable. The top seven pharmaceutical companies took in more profit-money than the top seven media companies, the top seven airline companies, the top seven oil companies, and the top seven car manufacture companies. (…cost so much, CNN) The profits of pharmaceutical companies are outrageous and extreme. There are many reasons to why these companies are greedily taking advantage of customers. The number one reason is because people who are need of these prescriptions have no other choice but to purchase them.
Over the past years, the U.S. pharmaceutical industry R&D spending has increased at a rapid rate. Costs have been relatively stable in the preclinical phase, but have risen dramatically in the clinical phase both in terms of direct costs incurred and in time required to complete the trials.2 DiMasi reasoning for the increase in costs is from the focused development for chronic and degenerative conditions that require more costly studies for efficacy and larger clinical trial sizes.2 Some pharmaceutical companies found ways to fill their pipelines through: 1. mergers and acquisitions, 2. in-licensing new compounds, and 3. form strategic alliances and partnerships with other companies. Forming a partnership does help developing a product or drug...
The pharmaceutical industry is relatively immune from the effects of economic cycles. Demand for the industry's product remains constant in up and down economic cycles as market demand is a function of the overall health of the population. However the globalization of the pharmaceutical industry increases the risk associated with foreign investments and exchange rates. The firms in this industry seek to minimize risks by using hedging practices such as foreign currency forward-exchange contracts, borrowing in foreign markets, and using currency swaps.
Accounting for 35 percent of the global market, the United States has the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world (“Pharmaceutical and Biotech...”). Direct-to-consumer drug commercialization is one of the main contributing factors of this high percentage. In 2015, the United States $395 billion pharmaceutical corporation spent $5.2 billion on
Big Pharma boasts that its’ high prices are necessary to recoup their gigantic investments in developing patented medicines.
Drug Promotion in the United Kingdom and Sweden: A Study of Pharmaceutical Industry Self-Regulation – Case 4
With the low success rated private firms invest millions into several produces. When a drug does make it too market and is successful companies need to make-up money spent in development as well as the cost of drugs which did not make it to market. After all investments are taken care of there is still the need for profit. Some are concerned if the United States government implements control over prescription drug cost then private firms will be less motivated to invest in pharmaceuticals development of our fear they would not make their investment back. This would supply pharmaceutical companies with less finances for the research and development process. According to the information collected by Abbott and Vernon a drop in the price of pharmaceuticals would result in significant loss in investment of research and development (Abbott and Vernon). If drug cost were to drop 40-45% the amount of a drug to move from animal testing to human clinics would decrease by 50-60% (Abbott and Vernon). With such high risk and low reward pharmaceutical companies will likely stop or slow research on new technologies and compounds. In 1969 Canada imposed regulations on drug prices (Weidenbaum). After the regulations were imposed there was a decline in new drugs being created (Weidenbaum). This change in the pharmaceutical
manpower and a large base of FDA approved plants, positions India high on the outsourcing
There is a growing demand for anti- acne products in India and the market of Indian OTC pharmaceuticals industry has recorded its total revenue worth 1,834.2 million USD during 2012. It shows the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5 percent in the period in between 2008-2012. It is with the anticipated CAGR of 9.7 percent in the five year period from 2012 to 2017 that this is anticipated to give a boost to the market value worth 2,913.5 million USD by the end of 2017. The markets in Japan and China are growing with CAGRs of 7 percent and 5 percent respectively and are expected to achieve worth of USD 21,948.0 million and USD 15,902.3 million in 2017(marketline , 2013).
Qiu, L, Chen, Z-Y, Lu, D-Y, Hu, H & Wang, Y-T 2010, 'Public funding and private investment for R&D : a survey in China’s pharmaceutical industry ', Health Research Policy and Systems, vol. 12, no. 27, pp. 11
Nowadays, there is increasing number of people take pharmacy as their profession. As everyone knows, there is many practice area for pharmacists like community pharmacist, hospital pharmacist, industrial pharmacist and academic pharmacist. Other than that, there are few specialties in pharmacy ...