The purpose of a RCT is to clean out the pulp cavity of neurotic tissue and then to create a complete seal that will prevent bacteria from entering and leaving the RC. A RCT might be need because of gross caries reaching the RC or leakage of previous RCT or trauma which will lead to loss of vitality resulting in interruption of blood and/or nerve supply.
The RCT can be divided according to the following steps:
1. Preoperative Radiograph
A preoperative radiograph provides the dentist with information regarding the RC obturation and its subsequent analysis. The dentist is able to see how far the blockage of the RCT reaches, allows the dentist to identify RCs orifice and to get an idea on how to negotiate the root canals15.
An example of RC blockage is the appearance of calcification in the RC. Only in rare cases blockages are not identifiable. This location and region of RC blockage allows the dentist to choose the most effective method to remove whatever is blocking the RC so that the RCT can begin, e.g. in order to be able to treat a RC in a maxilla premolar, the access for coronal penetration starts off at the centre of occlusal surface and by following the long axis of tooth.
The orifice of the RC is identified with an explorer as it is pressed where according to the radiograph the orifice is believed to be. If there really is an orifice present, the explorer will slightly dislodge as it is pressed on the blocked orifice. In order to minimise perforation and to reconfirm the orifice’s location, a second radiograph is done with the explorer left in place15.
2. Coronal Preparation/ Access
Before the access to the RC starts, the dentist places a tuber dam – thin latex sheet – with a hole over the tooth to be treated after havi...
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...nts new microorganism from entering the RC. Afterwards, a fingerspreader (fine (F) when master file used was <25 and a less finer spreader (MF for master file 30+ in size) is placed into the RC with a downwards pressure and removed by twisting and rotating the spreader towards the wall. This allows the sealent to spread laterally towards the RC walls.
This whole process is repeated until now more GP point scan fit and the whole canal is pink in colours (pink colour of GP point). If the RC is not pink it suggests that there are still gaps left and carried, microorganism or RC might leak. In the end a hot excubator is used to cut the GP points ends that are sticking out of the RC.
But in order to completely seal off the RC a restoration is placed onto the treated RC. This will completely off the RC from the outside environment and prevent wear and abrasion of the RC
In the radiology profession first you must write the patient’s file. This includes information about insurance, medical history, what the required x-ray is for and where it is going to be taken on the body. Writing in this way is similar to writing a small research paper. You must do research on the patients and there history and what insurance they have. Writing the report is important because the information must be accurate so the patient can be helped as much as possible. If the information about medical history is incorrect it can cause a huge problem for the patient. For example, if the patient is claustrophobic they would need to get an open room x-ray where the patient isn’t in an enclosed tube so they don’t have a panic attack and potentially injure themselves and others. It is very important to make sure the report has the correct area of where the x-ray needs to be taken. Having the wrong part of the body x-...
The aim of endodontic procedures is to get rid of the infection and of the periapical tissue
and it is necessary for the back of the gas syringe to be taken out,
Techniques." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 56.2 (2010): 98-102. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.
for the human specimen. A combination of experience, modern technology and on-feet thinking is used to bypass
Within the field of radiology, there are: (1) radiologists who are physicians specializing in interpreting diagnostic images in connection with diagnosing illnesses and injuries and monitoring medical conditions in relation to many other areas of clinical medicine; (2) radiological nurses specialize in providing nursing services exclusively in connection with radiological medicine; (3) radiologist assistants are the first line of support for radiological physicians and perform many of the procedures and tests ordered by radiologists; and (4) radiological technologists operate and maintain some of the sophisticated medical imaging systems and tools and work side-by-side radiologist assistants and radiologists in conducting the diagnostic tests on patients.
Radiologic technologists, also known as radiographers, have the job of performing diagnostic imaging examinations; among many other tasks. The typical radiographer must be able to interact with patients by taking their medical history, administering oral or injected contrast media, explaining procedures and safety measures, and observing and monitoring them. Radiologic technologists also have to correctly position and immobilize their patients for examination; along with assisting patients that are unable to move (i.e. disabled, sick, injured patients). If a radiologist finds any abnormalities while handling a patient they must report it to the physician. Along with that, a radiologic technologist must be capable of operating all equipment required for the job including x-ray generators, ultrasound scanners, and fluoroscopes. They must be able to use radiation safety guidelines and proper protection materials to keep everyone (including themselves) safe and comply with government regulations. A radiologic technician has to process and review film and other information to evaluate whether or not it is satisfactory for diagnostic purposes and
The role of the radiologist is one that has undergone numerous changes over the years and continues to evolve a rapid pace. Radiologists specialize in the diagnoses of disease through obtaining and interpreting medical images. There are a number of different devices and procedures at the disposal of a radiologist to aid him or her in these diagnoses’. Some images are obtained by using x-ray or other radioactive substances, others through the use of sound waves and the body’s natural magnetism. Another sector of radiology focuses on the treatment of certain diseases using radiation (RSNA). Due to vast clinical work and correlated studies, the radiologist may additionally sub-specialize in various areas. Some of these sub-specialties include breast imaging, cardiovascular, Computed Tomography (CT), diagnostic radiology, emergency, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), musculoskeletal, neuroradiology, nuclear medicine, pediatric radiology, radiobiology, and Ultrasound (Schenter). After spending a vast amount of time on research and going to internship at the hospital, I have come to realize that my passion in science has greatly intensified. Furthermore, both experiences helped to shape up my future goals more prominently than before, which is coupled with the fact that I have now established a profound interest in radiology, or rather nuclear medicine.
Assessment. Maricela started by taking the patient’s blood pressure, as well as added new medical information to her chart and let the Dentist evaluate her medical history. After that she proceeded with the intra/extra oral exams. Since the patient had dentures, Maricela made sure to pay extra attention to her maxillary hard palate. There was definite signs of irritation, redness, and a few sores from constant rubbing. Next, Maricela did a periodontal assessment. Even though the patient had a lot of tooth loss, her gums were decently healthy. She had a few pockets, but it surprised me how healthy the gums actually were. When documenting caries and dental charting, it was documented that the patient had a low plaque score that did end up being a little higher than the last appointment. No radiographs where
In addition, we were asked to come in an identify the number attempts made for the insertion of veress needle per protocol we were off the midline and at a previous laparoscopic incision site and we attempted three times each time with a negative water drop test. Then we moved a little bit more lateral to a new incision site and at this time we attempted one time and were able to successfully place the veress needle and successfully do the water drop which indicated that the veress needle is free within the peritoneal cavity insufflation and place our additional
...g gentle pressure. Finally the procedure was documented and the site was assessed for any abnormal reactions to the injection.
It began as a basic wisdom tooth extraction; the goal was to remove all 4 wisdom teeth. Though the teeth had not yet gone through the gum, I was told it would be a easy procedure. The only warnings I had received, was a risk of hitting the trigeminal nerve, causing pain and tingling, but even
A survey conducted by the American Association of Endodontists shows that 76% of the survey participants would prefer a root canal to a tooth extraction. 58% of the survey participants who had their tooth extracted did not replace it with anything while 17% replaced it with a bridge, 12% replaced it with dentures and 8% replaced it with an implant. Endodontist procedures can save the natural teeth ensuring that patients are able to continue to live a normal and healthy life while retaining the functionality of their
Radiographers provide essential services to millions of people. They deal with patients of all types and ages, from the very young to the elderly, as well as patients with special needs, such as visual or hearing impairments. Diagnostic radiographers produce high-quality images of organs limbs and other body parts to allow a wide range of diseases to be diagnosed. According to (The College of Radiographers -Registered Charity No 272505) May 2008. As a diagnostic radiographer, I am not confined to work in the x-ray department. I will x-ray patients in the accident and emergency department, on the wards, in the intensive care unit and in the operating theatre when patients are too ill to visit the x-ray department. Diagnostic radiographers work as part of a team and may work alone, outside normal working hours to provide x-ray services 24 hours a day. Wide ranges of imaging methods are used. These include ultrasound, MRI and CT scanning. Ranges of dyes or contrast agents are sometimes used to show soft tissue organs that would not appear on standard x-ray examinations e.g. arteries, the bowel and kidneys. (Medical Physics page 159-188)
Treatment: Smooth sharp edges. If the patient has a lip or cheek lesion, it is advisable to search for tooth fragments or foreign materials.