INTRODUCTION
What is petroleum?
• A thick, flammable, yellow-to-black mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons that occurs naturally beneath the earth's surface, can be separated into fractions including natural gas, gasoline naphtha, kerosene, fuel and lubricating oils, paraffin wax, and asphalt and is used as raw material for a wide variety of derivative products.
• The word petroleum comes from the Latin petra, meaning “rock,” And oleum, meaning “oil.”
Primary use of petroleum:
• Originally the primary use of petroleum was as a lighting fuel, once it had been distilled and turned into kerosene. When Edison opened the world's first electricity generating plant in 1882 the demand for kerosene began to drop.
• However,
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• The oil marketing companies have reduced the price of non-subsidised liquefied petroleum cooking gas (LPG) by Rs 43.5 (US$ 0.69) per cylinder. The companies have also reduced jet fuel rates by 12.5 per cent, the sixth straight reduction in prices since August 2014.
• Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) and Mexican state-owned company Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) have entered into a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for cooperation in the oil and gas sector.
• GAIL Global USA LNG LLC (GGULL) has signed an agreement with the US-based WGL Midstream Inc for sourcing gas required to produce 2.5 MT of liquefied natural gas (LNG) a year at the Cove Point Terminal in Maryland, US.
• State-run oil firms including Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONGC) will invest over Rs 76,565 crore on the project expansion during 2015-16, up 5 per cent over the previous fiscal.
• ONGC, the nation's most profitable company, will see its capital expenditure rise to Rs 36,249.37 crore as compared with Rs 34,813 crore in the current fiscal, according to the Budget 2015-16
hydrocarbons that forms during the extraction of natural gas and is used as a thinning
After that global oil consumption increased and oil became the main source of energy for many countries. The United States government remained very involved in the relations for the oil industry because of its increasing importance to the global economy and its incredible conversion into international power. Foreign policy reflected their interest in the quest for oil and continues even today.
Oil has always been a coveted natural resource. Oil was discovered in the United States in 1859; since it was a young industry, it was without any structure. That is where John Davison Rockefeller stepped in. John Rockefeller was at one point one of the richest men in the world, monopolizing the oil industry which played a major role in shaping the economy.
As an emergency response coordinator for a refinery it is vital to understand what hazards are associated with the products found in a crude oil refinery. Routine and non-routine maintenance will need to be done in order to maintain a working and operating oil refinery. This can create complicated situations or scenarios, because numerous contractors may be brought in for different repairs. This can lead to accidents in some cases because of the wide range of things going on in the refinery. Training and communication will be vital for a safe work environment with multiple entities working. Documentation of the training will also be crucial.
According to the GAO report, the U.S. petroleum refining industry experienced a period of high product prices and industry profits from the early 2000s through to 2007. ( United States Government Accountability Office , 2014). Since the recession of 2007 to 2009,the industry has been in transition ( United States Government Accountability Office , 2014). The three major changes that have recently affected the domestic petroleum refining industry include:
Since the 19th century, gas has gradually become a necessity to mankind. It has been used for lighting our houses, to produce heat, to cook our food and to run our vehicles. As time passed, the price of gas has known many changes in Montreal. By the year of 2008 the price was relatively low, but suddenly became very high in 2014. This year in Montreal, the prices are as low as 3.4 US $/G. When considering the previously mentioned facts, we ask ourselves why the price of gas is low and what are the factors fluctuating its price. The main factor responsible of gas price changes is the cost of oil.
Fuel prices is an area of concern for the motor carrier industry. Fuel prices are at an all-time high, driving the industry to make drastic changes. Individuals in the industry believe that by reducing the demand for fuel is the best way to address the current fuel issue. One of the leading alternatives to this fuel issue could be natural gas.
Crude oil has may different forms that are found in different parts of the world.1)very light Crude which is used to make gasoline, Jet fuel and Kerosine this oil is highly volatile and can evaporate in a matter of days.2) Light crude which is also used for gasoline and other fuels including diesel oil. These oils are not as volatile but care moderately toxic and evaporate less quickly.3)Medium oils, which accounts for most of the cru...
1. Lorenzo’s parents used the scientific method to solve the situation of lorenzo dying by coming up will solution to his ALD problem and stayed up late every night for years straight just to find a cure for ald and to save their child and all the other kids that suffer from ald and save their lives and many other life that may yet come and suffer from ald
As the old way of fueling their energy needs ran out, there was a search for a new way. This is where crude oil was re-introduced. To light there lamps whale oil was no longer needed, but kerosene was now being used widely.
Petroleum engineering is the development and exploitation of crude/oil and natural gas. The foundation was established during the 1890s in California. This career was developed to correlate oil- producing zones and water zones from well to prevent large amounts of water from entering oil- produced zones.
The oil & gas sector faces specific risks affecting its financial performances. The main variables affecting the industry are political, geological, price, fiscal, supply and demand as well as cost risks. Given the specific risks, the demand for energy is still gr...
An increasing number of countries are encouraging investments with specific guidelines toward economic goals. MNCs may be expected to create local employment, transfer technology, generate export sales, stimulate growth and development of the local industry.
Electricity is one of the chief products of the oil industry. We use oil to heat our homes and businesses. We use oil to produce electricity to light our homes and businesses also.
made from oil and natural gas. Using plastics to replace packaging materials such as metal