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essays on how peter the great transformed russia
which of the following was a reform of peter's that benifitted Russia
essays on how peter the great transformed russia
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Peter the Great did many things in his lifetime, but he was most known for the Westernization of Russia. Peter made his way into Russia in 1682, Peter wanted to change Russia into a more modernized country, and he had his own way of doing this. It was Peter’s way, or no way. He figured the best way to obtain the European powers was to become just like them. When he started his process to westernize Russia he sent fifty nobles to Western Europe and had them learn the culture and lifestyle. There were many ways peter could have gone about changing Russia but he sought his own way, which was also a very independent route. Peter not only wanted to change Russia, but he wanted total control as well. Peter insisted that everyone, including people of nobility, change there lifestyle into the ways of the western world. Peter gained control and power through his military, which helped him gain control over Russia entirely. So what exactly is Westernization? Westernization is incorporating the culture and technology of the modernized western world. Peter wanted all of Russia to be converted and changed for good, not just temporarily. Putting a country through this type of change wasn’t an easy task and took a lot of hard work, studying and communication. The whole purpose of doing these things also made Peter more money in the long run. Peter sought to reform the way the world perceived Russia by increasing the power of the church and military, raising education standards and imposing taxes that would eventually lead to the Westernization of Russia.
The education and the churches were a big part in the Westernization of Russia. Peter was determined to push Russia towards the modern era by reforming the church. One of the main reasons Pete...
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...ke sure the taxes were being paid and all the rules were followed. The way the tax worked was if someone ran off without paying their tax the village they were from was responsible for paying the tax back. A lot of the villagers would keep a close eye on male residents around the time when the soul tax was due that way they weren't responsible for paying anything extra when the time came. The army had the responsibility of making a list of all the males in Russia to keep count on how many must be charged at the time of the tax. The list was so hard to complete it wasn’t finished until 1724 the year before Peter the Great dies. Peter went to great lengths to make sure his taxes were paid for and he made his cut on it. The military not only financed on taxes like the soul tax but also on individual taxes such as the beard tax and on other items such as horse collars.
During Peter the Great’s reign a major problem in Russia was serfdom. Serfs were peasants that were forced to work on a noble’s land and were basically slaves. Serfdom was a major organization in Russia up until 1723 when Peter converted the household slaves into house serfs. Unfortunately, conversion to serf status and the later ban of the sale of serfs without land did not stop the trade in household slaves, it simply changed its name. Peter the Great was generally well liked by his nobles, even though he taxed them for absurd things like beards, beehives or corners in a house. The fact that the nobles still sided with Peter on everything after being taxed for ridiculous things showed their loyalty. However, Louis XIV had economic difficulties. To help fix this he hired Jean-Baptiste Colbert who invented Mercantilism, an economic system where exports exceed imports to maximize profit and create a self-sufficient state--great for an absolute monarch. However Colbert did not address Louis’ real issue which was him not taxing the nobles. The nobles refused to pay taxes and also did not like Louis; they just couldn’t do anything about it. Since, Louis could not sufficiently tax his nobles instead he relied on the bourgeoisie and peasants to pay excessive taxes. As you can see,
I believe that there was so much attention given to Peter the Great because of his extensive reforms. Peter brought both social and economic changes to his country. He wanted to make Russia big. Peter transformed the culture; he wanted his people to wear the western European fashion. Many of the people were not thrilled with the change because they did not like the ways of the western European societies. He made his navy stronger, he reformed his army to meet the western standards, and he gained control over the church.
As well as having different language, these people had different religions which include: 70% Christian Orthodox; 9% Roman Catholic; 11% Muslim; 4% Jewish. Virtually, the whole population of Russia was situated in the fertile land in the southwest. This meant that population density was very high and cities and towns were overcrowded. However, Russia’s low industrial output was not the only problem for the peasants and factory workers.
“Vladimir Christianizes Russia” effectively illuminates the supposedly positive sentiments felt towards the Slavic Christianization. This tale allows the reader to see the glorification of Vladimir’s grand triumph in choosing Eastern Orthodoxy and delivering the Slavs to redemption. The success in demonstrating Vladimir’s achievement in delivering Russia to salvation allows us to comprehend the importance of Christianity in the culture of Russia. Works Cited Zenkovsky, Serge A. & Co. Vladimir Christianizes Russia.
Meanwhile Peter spent many of his formative years in the country estate of Preobrazhenskoe, just outside of Moscow. It was here that Peter fostered his love of warfare, and had his first contact with Westerners. Rather than being educated in the traditional manner, Peter was allowed to play war games. From an assortment of commoners, courtiers, and foreigners Peter formed two regiments, the Preobrazhenskii and Semenovskii, which he outfitted with real weaponry and drilled into what would later become his imperial guard. Also during this time, Peter developed two other passions. The first was sailing, which he first came in contact with by discovering an old English sailboat. The second was the love of all things Western, which came from his frequent visits to the nearby foreign quarter of Moscow.
(weternize) Catherine the great proceeded to finish what Peter the Great started; she made sure that by the end of her reign Russia was westernized. The enlightenment period had a huge impact in her decision making, by limiting the use of torture
While most of Europe had develop strong central governments and weakened the power of the nobles, Russia had lagged behind the times and still had serfs as late as 1861. The economic development that followed the emancipation of peasants in the rest of Europe created strong industrial and tax bases in those nations. Russian monarchs had attempted some level of reforms to address this inequality for almost a century before, and were indeed on their way to “economic maturity” (32) on par with the rest of Europe. But they overextended themselves and the crushing defeats of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 and the First World War in 1917 lost them the necessary support from their subjects and created “high prices and scarcity” which were by far “the most obvious factors in the general tension”
The Minister of Finance was Sergei Witte was conscious of the inadequate conditions the people of Russia lived under. As previously stated, there was an agricultural deficit and industrially, Russia was one of the “lowest among European nations and poor transportation and communication caused delays that hurt the economy.” Witte understood that Russia’s industrialization was vital; during Nicholas II’s reign he came up with a number of reforms such as protective tariffs on foreign goods, foreign investments, and also managed to put the Russian currency on the gold standard. Regrettably, the low wages, the high taxes and the agricultural deficit caused an immense opposition towards the
Peter the Great had many goals during the time he ruled. One of his biggest goals was to modernize and westernize Russia. The main reason Peter the Great modernized Russia was because he did not want the country he ruled to be left vulnerable to expansionist powers in Europe. The powers were constantly at war, fighting to take over each other’...
Peter the Great wanted to bring Russia into a new era. He achieved his goal of domestic reformation through Russia's economy, the church, and education. By boosting the industrial, commercial, and agricultural aspects, Peter hoped a richer Russia would invest in their military to increase strength, and therefore increasing Peter's amount of power. Unfortunately, he did not gain as much as he had hoped for, but he did help boost Russia into a period of rapid economic growth ('Peter the Great - domestic reforms' 2). Peter also saw a need for reform in the church. Not only did the church have a large source of wealth that Peter wanted a part of, but it had land, power, and serfs challenging those of the tsar. When the head of the church died in 1700, Peter did not replace him -- rather, he handed the property of the church over to a branch of the government. In turn, subjecting it to Peter's command. In 1721, a regulation was set on the church as it fell entirely under state control. This regulation stated everything the clergy could do and, in a sense, controlled their daily life. The clergy's job was to 'make their congregations totally submissive to the state by convincing them that Peter was all but God-like to ensure the population of Russia's total subordination to the crown' ('Peter the Great - domestic reforms' 1). If Russia had any hopes of becoming a superpower, they could not be fulfilled until the education aspect of society was modernized. Peter knew that proper education for both the soldiers and the officers was vital for a successful military. With this in mind, he set up schools for navigation and maths, artillery and languages, medicine, engeneering, and science ('Peter the Great - domestic reforms' 1).
Peter the Great was trying ultimately to make the Russian Empire more Europeanized or Westernized. He wanted to protect and enhance the vulnerable Russian Empire. Peter the Great saw that other European countries are colonizing in other regions like the New World, Asia, and Africa. Peter saw this as a threat and didn’t want for the Europeans to conquer Russia. Through decrees to shave and provisions on dress, he was trying to make them European. He also wanted to make military and economic reforms that could help the empire itself. If they built factories, they didn’t need to get supplies from Europe.
Absolutists during the 16th and 17th centuries were often times focused too heavily on military or other such rather than the people they were ruling. Peter the Great is a good example of this type of ruler because he did great things for Russia like improving the navy; however, Peter the Great did nothing to help the people of Russia, and according to Michael Gibson in document 8, he "failed to create the large, thriving
Peter Alexander was born in 1965 in Melbourne, Australia. He attended school at Mount Scopus Memorial College and was voted as the least likely to succeed by schoolmates. Alexander's teacher suggested he leave and go to TAFE but he was stubborn and decided to stay at school and successfully completed Year 12. Nowadays, Alexander states that the confidence and self-belief was derived from his school life and he was able to set high goals and achieve them independently. He wishes that he’d done a business course before starting his own business to jump start the benefits and profits in the sleepwear business.
Peter the Great knew that the countries that were leading the world were those to the west, so he did everything he could to “Westernize” Russia. The first thing Peter did to westernize his country was to go out and bring back the technology and culture from the surrounding countries ("History of St. Petersburg, Russia: Peter the Great (short biography)"). He ended up bringing back many workers to aid in improving Russia’s technology. Peter then learned about construction and c...
Under the influence of the Procurator of the Holy Synod, Pobedonostsev, Aleksandr III and Nikolai II increased the state’s relationship with the Russian Orthodox Church. The already close partnership became even more important during the last two decades of the Russian Empire. For the peasantry, this meant that while the Church increased in influence and power, the distance between them and the Orthodox hierarchy and their own parish priests widened even more. The most important impact that Pobedonostsev had on the Russian peasantry was in education. As previously discussed, the Russian Orthodox Church had long been the “educators” of the peasantry, but with the Great Reforms came the Zemstvo schools that were much better at educating the peasantry. In the 1880s, Pobedonostsev reasserted the church’s role of educator and moved many schools from the control of the Ministry of Education to the control of the Holy Synod, greatly increasing the number of Parish schools. This shift of control reasserted the importance of religion in peasant education, and it was an attempt to remove the radical populist teachers who had gone “to the people” in the 1870s. While more peasants were educated because of Pobedonostsev’s shift to parish schools, the education they received was reactionary and subpar in comparison. Vague paternalism and lack of understanding of the peasantry by the Russian Orthodox Church, which, under Pobedonostsev, focused solely on regaining power and prestige, characterized Church-peasant