Background: Pertussis and pertussis like illnesses are increasingly recognized despite the widespread usage of pertussis vaccine .This research was conducted to assess the serological response rate of the Iranian children to the vaccine.
Methods: Serum anti- pertussis IgG was measured in seven hundred twenty five children including 380 boys, and 345 girls were enrolled in 6 different age groups; 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 72 months old.
Results: The geometric mean titer of IgG at 2 months of age (before vaccine administration) was not statistically different from the other age groups except 72 months children. The IgG GMT curve in different age groups showed a significant upward movement at 72 months of age, that could be explained by pertussis natural infection.
Conclusion: Pertussis vaccination didn’t produced a significant seroconversion in young children. In 72 months old children rising of the IgG geometric mean titer could exclusively be explained by pertussis natural infection.
Keywords: Pertussis, Pertussis Vaccine, Serological Response, Infants, Children.
Introduction
Pertussis resulting from Bordetella pertussis is one of the most important death reasons in infants all over the world and is continually a public health issue, even within the countries having high coverage of vaccination. 1 Globally pertussis remains one of the top 10 causes of death in children and causes nearly 300 000 deaths in children every year.2 ,3
The estimation of World Health Organization reveals that in 2008, 16 million people suffered pertussis, 95% of whom was related to developing countries.3
In 2010, 464 patients were reported to have pertussis in Iran. However, a recently done research estimated the natural pertussis in...
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...ants, probably because of mother antibody and non-effectiveness of vaccine that could have the sole explanation of natural infection.
Very similar results was showed in a study in France on three hundred sixty children who were tested for pertussis serology 0.5 to 158 months after complete whole-cell pertussis vaccination.15 Pertussis toxin antibody decreased rapidly after vaccination but increased secondarily, that suggests a natural infection resulting from exposure to infected persons. They concluded that children vaccinated with pertussis become susceptible to infection after 6 years following their last vaccination.
Conclusion:
Pertussis vaccination didn’t produced a significant seroconversion in young children. In 72 months old children rising of the IgG geometric mean titer could exclusively be explained by pertussis natural infection.
Mielcarek N, Debrie AS, Raze D et al (2006) Attenuated Bordetella pertussis: new live vaccines for intranasal immunisation. Vac- cine 24 (Suppl 2):54–55
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The article’s information is presented with the goal of informing a reader on vaccines. The evidence is statistical and unbiased, showing data on both side effects and disease prevention, providing rates of death and serious illness from both sides. This evidence is sourced from a variety of medical organizations and seems reliable, logical, and easily understood, no language that would inspire an emotional response is used. The validity of studies is not mentioned in the article, but it does encourage readers to investigate further to help make a decision. The article allows a reader to analyze the presented evidence and come to their own
Tuberculosis or TB is an airborn infection caused by inhaled droplets that contain mycobacterium tuberculosis. When infected, the body will initiate a cell-mediated hypersensitivity response which leads to formation of lesion or cavity and positive reaction to tuberculin skin test (Kaufman, 2011). People who have been infected with mycobacteria will have a positive skin test, but only ones who have active TB will show signs and symtoms. Basic signs and symptoms include low grade fever, cough with hemoptysis, and tachypnea. They may also show pleuristic chest pain, dyspnea, progressive weight loss, fatigue and malaise (Porth, 2011).
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Fifty-nine years after the vaccine was introduced to the world, the number of cases of outbreaks has dropped 99% and only three countries still remain in an epidemic state with the virus, Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan. In 1994, the WHO Region of the Americas was certified polio-free and in in 2013 only406 reported cases were existent in the world, compared to the 350 000+ cases in 1988. (Who, 2014).
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Influenza is a major public health problem which outbreaks all over the world. Resulting in considerable sickness and death rates. Furthermore, it is a highly infectious airborne disease and is caused by the influenza virus. Influenza is transmitted easily from one person to another person which has a great impact on society. When a member of society becomes sick, it is more prone to spread to other people. In the United States, every year between 5 to 20 percent of the population is affected by influenza. As a result of this, between 3,000 and 49,000 deaths have occurred per year (Biggerstaff et al., 2014). Therefore, the influenza vaccine is the most effective strategy to prevent influenza. This essay will examine two significant reasons for influenza vaccination which are the loss of workforce and economic burden as well as one effect regarding herd immunity.
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Experts believe that failure to vaccinate your child based on unfounded and inconclusive reports will only result in an increase of infectious diseases. This fear is seen in a statement given by some of the most respected medical professionals; “Using an unsubstantiated hypothesis to question the safety of vaccination . . . could lead to widespread rejection of vaccines and inevitable increases of serious infectious disease” (qtd. in Allen 411). Some studies have revealed that in places where vaccines have been associated with autism vaccinations go down, and consequently, certain diseases resurface or grow in number (Autism and Vaccines). Overall, though vaccinations are accompanied by risks, they are also the best defence against our children developing many deadly infectious diseases (Meadows).
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Pertussis, until 5 days of appropriate antibiotic treatment (currently; erythromycin) to prevent an infection have been completed and a licensed physician states in writing the child may return;