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Definition of terrorism 60 words
Terrorism and its impact
Terrorism and its impact
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The quest to establish a universal definition of terrorism is entangled in questions of law, history, philosophy, morality, and religion by nature, a subjective one that eludes large-scale consensus. Terrorism is defined differently by different countries, nations and even department’s federal or state law enforcement. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines terrorism as “the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives (NIJ).
The U.N description of terrorism as “any action, in addition to actions already specified by the existing conventions on aspects of terrorism, the Geneva Conventions and Security Council resolution 1566 (2004), that is intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants, when the purpose of such an act, by
Acts Constitute Terrorism? Implications for Counter-terrorism Policy. I think the U.S could be accused of terrorist acts, we are consider bullies and aggressive by many. The bombing in Japan could easily be considered a terrorist act, which essentially inflicted fear into many people. We probably have committed many acts and will commit acts of terror; it will always somehow be justified between the governments. The reason for this would be the lack of fully universally identifying what defines terror; it’s even bad when the United Nation can’t fully define terrorism. 80% of countries worldwide have a broad definition of terrorism and the ones that do have a solid definition of terrorism like U.K could be identified as almost borderline invading human rights. MY DEFINITION OF TERRORISM WOULD BE ANY ACT OF VIOLENCE BY A GROUP OR INDIVIDUAL VIOLATING DOMESTIC OR INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT LAWS, TO IMPOSE ITS WILL ON ANY PERSON, COMMUNITY OR ANY DOMESTIC OR INTERNANTIONAL GOVERNMENT FOR POLITICAL, PERSONAL OR RELIGIONS
Categorical terrorism, according to Jeff Goodwin, is defined as “the strategic use of violence and threats of violence, usually intended to influence several audiences, by oppositional political groups against civilian or noncombatants who belong to a specific entity, religious or national group, social class or some other collectivity, without regard to their individual identities or roles.” More so, in terms of definition, according to a study done by Jeffrey Record in 2003, there was a count of over 109 definitions of terrorism, covering 22 different categorical elements. During the 70s and 80s, the United Nations struggled to define the term, finally coming up with the following definition: “Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them.”
In today’s society the word “terrorism” has gone global. We see this term on television, in magazines and even from other people speaking of it. In their essay “Controlling Irrational Fears After 9/11”, published in 2002, Clark R. Chapman and Alan W. Harris argue that the reaction of the American officials, people and the media after the attacks of 9/11 was completely irrational due to the simple fact of fear. Chapman and Harris jump right into dismembering the irrational argument, often experienced with relationships and our personal analysis. They express how this argument came about from the terrorist being able to succeed in “achieving one major goal, which was spreading fear” among the American people (Chapman & Harris, para.1). The supporters of the irrational reaction argument state that because “Americans unwittingly cooperated with the terrorist in achieving the major goal”, the result was a widespread of disrupted lives of the Americans and if this reaction had been more rational then there would have been “less disruption in the lives of our citizens” (Chapman & Harris, para. 1).
In her article, “Terrorism and the American Experience: a State of the Field”, Beverly Gage makes multiple important points related to the positives and negatives of the term “terrorism” with regards to describing past events, both the differing waves and repeated consistencies of terrorism throughout history, and how understanding of past terrorism applies to what people should try and do in response in the modern era. Ultimately, Gage’s points line up nearly flawlessly with historical examples in the first 7 chapters of Randall D. Law’s Terrorism. With regards to the definition of “terrorism” and its usage, Gage stresses both the inherent pros and cons of describing historical events as terrorism. Describing historical events as “terrorism”
There are many differing definitions of terrorism. What is terrorism? How do we define it? Why is one man’s terrorist another man’s freedom fighter? These are just a few of the questions that face the world on a daily basis. There are many challenges that face the international community when it comes to how to define terrorism and what it constitutes. This paper will explore the challenges facing scholars when it comes to labeling terror and discuss potential ways to properly define it.
In Module one, I learned that terrorism is a result of physical harm or deadly acts of force with the intent of a political outcome by the use of terror for coercion. There are various types of terrorism such as international terrorism and domestic terrorism. International terrorism occurs outside of the United States with a purpose to influence the policy of a government by intimidation. International and Domestic terrorism both involve violent acts dangerous to human life that violate federal and state laws. Domestic terrorism occurs within the United States with the intention of coercion or intimidation by way of mass destruction, etc. Some forms of terrorism include Improvised explosive devices (IED), kidnappings, suicide bombings and
There a small but clear differences between domestic terrorism and international terrorism, that difference is where the terrorist act is planned, supported, and carried out. In the case of domestic terrorism, the act must be planned, supported, and carried out all within the boundaries of the United States. The domestic terrorists must also be domicile to the United States and not be current foreign nationals at the time of the act. If the terrorist act is committed with help from a foreign group, planned or supported in a foreign country or committed by foreign nationals inside the boundaries of the U.S., then the attack may be international terrorism. The 9/11 attack was a clear act of international terrorism as it was planned, supported,
The biggest terrorist attack in American history occurred on September 11, 2001. The Islamic al-Qaeda group hijacked four airliners in the United States. Two planes crashed into the World Trade Center in New York City, a third struck the Pentagon, and the fourth plane crashed in Pennsylvania. Nearly 3,000 people were killed including over 400 police officers and firefighters. America's view on the world and Muslims all over, forever changed. Muslims are judged and criticized still today after these events. Muslim Americans after 9/11 should have a right to live freely in America, can help us stop Islamic terrorism, and can increase unity with American citizens and the communities.
The threat of global terrorism continues to rise with the total number of deaths reaching 32,685 in 2015, which is an 80 percent increase from 2014 (Global Index). With this said, terrorism remains a growing, and violent phenomenon that has dominated global debates. However, ‘terrorism’ remains a highly contested term; there is no global agreement on exactly what constitutes a terror act. An even more contested concept is whether to broaden the scope of terrorism to include non-state and state actors.
Global security is an extraordinarily imperative idea when it comes to public safety. The purpose of global security is to protect the interests of the public. When viewing this through the lens of public and private relationships, it is effortless to see how the two walk hand in hand when it comes to trying to achieve global security. Global security is a relevant concept because the people of the United States need to be protected at all costs. Along with protecting the public, the government also needs to protect the interests of itself. To achieve global security by way of protecting the public, the government works endlessly to ensure public safety.
Terrorism is a force of unlawful intimidation imposed on a country through an act of violence and is being faced by countries all over the world. America has been fighting against terrorism but one main controversy debated between people whether or not America is being restricted by the laws written under the Constitution and international agreements. The Constitution and international agreements hinder the ability to fight terrorists by establishing the extent of the actions taken by the United States based on legality issues, humanitarian concerns, and national reputation.
The definition of terrorism has proved to be controversial as there are over a hundred possible definitions of terrorism (Hewitt, 2008). However the present definition used in UK legal systems can be found in the Terrorism Act, 2000 which states terrorism is “The use or threat of action designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public” through several means such as violence, threat and interference (Loughnane, 2012). What acts fall under the definition has been lengthened over the years.
Terrorism definitions are difficult to solidify mainly because of the overwhelming differences in perspectives. After review of 18 U.S. Code § 2331 certain dialect and shared commonalities have led to my own definition of terrorism which I define as; any activity that involves a violent act or an act dangerous to human life that is a violation of criminal laws enacted by a sovereign region, for the purpose of policy change or gains through implementation of fear, directed towards non-participating entities. Tony Duheaume a critic and author which has spent over forty years following political and civil events in the Middle East, depicts events from his article, “Understanding Hezbollah’s history as a ‘proxy of Iran’” from the Al Arabiya English website concerning acts of terrorism which Hezbollah has claimed responsibility
The compelling need for the international community to come up with a comprehensive definition of terrorism is so that all nations have the same understanding of what is and what is not terrorism. By having an internationally agreed upon definition by all nations, it will make it easier for the country that experiences acts of terrorism to prosecute the perpetrators of the terrorist acts. In doing this ‘people’ who are trying to achieves international notoriety by committing ‘illegal’ acts which they see as terrorist acts to gain recognition in the international community, would be less likely to commit these illegal acts. It would also not gain them the worldwide recognition they seek.
Terrorism Definition: Shedding tears at the rural Shanksville, Pennsylvania 9/11 memorial while listening to the heart wrenching air phone calls from heroic passengers on Flight 93 to the answering machines of their loved ones, not only provides a deep emotional understanding of the tragedy of terrorism, but also provides renewed appreciation of the importance of international cooperation required to combat terrorism. Fundamental to creating and sustaining an international coalition to fight terrorism is an understanding of what constitutes terrorism (Ganor, 2002). The United Nations and other international organizations have struggled to develop an accepted definition of the term “terrorism” because one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter (Ganor, 2002).
What is terrorism? The FBI defines terrorism as the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Many people believe terrorism only applies to the middle east or regimented groups such as ISIS but in reality; terrorism can be a solo individual such as the Unabomber that was active between the years of 1978-1995. Modern day terrorists often use groups often referred to as ‘cells’ to accomplish their sinister objectives. The purpose of cells is so that if one cell is compromised, it will not have any effect on other cells or the main conspirator pulling the strings of the cells. Terrorism can