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mental illness and its effect
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Everyone in the world has the same characteristics. Anyone can feel happiness, sadness, anger, or fear. However, the way a person allows certain traits to overpower others is how personality forms. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, a wide range of characters are present with different personalities. The protagonist, Othello, spirals into a pit of jealousy and paranoia over the course of the tragedy. The question that follows these actions is whether these uncontrollable emotions are signs of a mental disorder. Othello displays many aspects of a personality disorder, such as being suspicious and untrustworthy of his wife and associates and misinterpreting congenial behavior. Although he does not exhibit all of the criteria, it can be concluded He exhibits this through a conversation he has with Desdemona about Cassio. During this conversation, Othello interrogates Desdemona about the handkerchief he gave to her (Shakespeare, 3.4.108-109). The handkerchief is a symbol that represents her faithfulness and loyalty. He demands to see if it is in her possession to prove if Iago was right about Cassio having it. Since the idea of the affair is firmly placed in his mind, asking Desdemona if she is faithful and her repeated talking about Cassio makes him hate Cassio even more. To Othello, his wife ignoring his outbursts to show him the handkerchief was seen as her avoiding the question and lying about the affair. This conversation could also support Criterion A7 because it shows his suspicion and distrust of his wife. Another occurrence where Othello is distrustful of his co-workers and friends is when he threatens Iago to give him more evidence of Desdemona having an affair. Othello The behaviors and thinking processes behind individuals with paranoid personality disorder “can interfere with a person's ability to maintain relationships, as well as their ability to function socially and in work situations” (WebMD). Because of Othello’s anger and mental instability, he threatens Iago to find evidence of Desdemona being unfaithful. If the affair was real, it would be completely irrational of him to take his anger out on the person who enlightened him with the information. When Iago first told him, he said that the only reason he told Othello was so he would not see Othello in ignorance. Othello’s irritability made him overlook his trust in Iago, which could have destroyed his relationship with him if it was not part of Iago’s
Driven by an overbearing lust for evil that only a pure psychopath can have, Iago is not only one of literature’s worst villain’s, but he also is a heinous psychopath, whom possesses absolutely no capacity for human kindness or virtue. While Iago claims to be motivated by obtaining revenge of Othello and by jealousy of Michael Cassio, his actions suggest that of a diagnosis of psychopathic personality disorder, as his motivations contradict each other, and are not sufficient to constitute the level of destruction he employs. According to the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of mental disorders, an individual can be diagnosed as a psychopath if they show a minimum of five out of eight of the following symptoms: 1) deceitful, conning, and manipulative behaviors, 2) absence of psychotic and neurotic symptoms, 3) lack of remorse, 4) lack of empathy, 5) inflated and arrogant self-appraisal, 6) pathological lying, 7) need for constant stimulation, and 8) glibness and superficial charm. Throughout the play, Othello, Iago displays all of these symptoms, and therefore is a psychopath. He especially manipulates and cons others, has a grandiose self-perception, and lacks empathy and remorse. He also needs constant stimulation.
In the beginning Othello is seen as a calm collected man when put into an awkward situation, such as being ridiculed by his wife’s father in thinking that Othello has used some sort of magic to gain Desdemona 's infection. Othello’s calm collected ways start to deteriorate after he is convinced by Iago, a deceiving evil man that Desdemona has slept with Cassio. Othello’s self control no longer exist once he is fully convinced that it is in fact true that Desdemona has been unfaithful. His sense of what is real and what is not real is thrown out the window. Othello starts to become extremely jealous of his used to be beloved Cassio, and after considering giving back his spot as liternuanat he denies him that. He starts to become cold and distant towards his wife, and starts to call her out of her name. As Othello continues to lose control the people around him start to doubt his abilities of being able to protect Cyprus, and even his wife starts to doubt him, and agree with her father. No one knows who this man is anymore, he has started to act in an insanely matter. He can longer be his true self and take on the responsibilities of being general as he starts to crack. With Othello being faced with evil, him being calm is no longer an option for him because he can’t face the fact that the person he loves so dearly is cheating on him. Going back the they handkerchief, the symbol of his love for her. Othello seeing Cassio with Desdemona’s handkerchief sets him over the edge becoming truly convinced that his wife has betrayed him. Even when Desdemona and her maid Emila, Iago’s wife, has told him countless times that she has not been unfaithful, he is so far gone from reality that he does not believe either one of them. With the state of mind he’s in he cannot bear the thought of another man touching his wife. Othello and Iago plan to kill Cassio and Desdemona. After he
As inconsequential as they may initially seem, the various types of abnormalities in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello do impact upon the audience. Let us explore this subject of the deviant in this play.
Iago's honest betrayal has left Othello pondering over Desdemona's faithfulness. Believing the words of his most honest ancient, Othello gullibly succumbs to his insinuations of his wife, Desdemona, as being unfaithful. Through Othello's soliloquy, he is not the self-confident General formerly portrayed as. Instead, his indecision over his wife's infidelity has caused him to explore his flaws as a human being, showing signs of appearance versus reality.
Iago, the antagonist of Shakespeare’s work, Othello, is often considered purely evil or sociopathic. At first glance, Iago appears to be a static, two-dimensional villain, but he is much more. Shakespeare, renown for his awareness of the human condition, leaves many important aspects of Iago’s life up to interpretation. In published works and critical interpretations, Iago is commonly attached to a myriad of mental illnesses and personality disorders. Because it seems that Iago’s life revolves around Othello and Desdemona, it is understandable how people may suggest that Iago is in love with Othello, or that he is a psychopath with no true motives. Shakespeare never discloses much about Iago’s past, raising the questions:
Othello sees Cassio as the man most Venetian women in Desdemona 's position would like to marry and, therefore, as the man she would turn to if she ceased to love her husband. In a way, he is waiting for the dream to come to an end, for Desdemona to decide that she has made a mistake in marrying him. Othello being outclassed in intellect is his lack of self-knowledge; this is with regard to how his military background has affected his logic. He constantly commands Iago to bring him proof of Desdemona’s disloyalty “Villain, be sure thou prove my love a whore”
People with borderline personality disorder have constantly shifting self-images which can lead to fading moral values. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, “There are sudden and dramatic shifts in self image, characterized by shifting goals, values, and vocational aspirations” (664). This can be seen in Othello because everyone considered him to be an amazing general with the highest of moral values. However, after the events that transpired during the play, he was left as nothing more but a shell than his former self. He had become so consumed with getting revenge that his personality warped around his poisonous goals. The play says, “Thou dost stone my heart, / and makes me call what I intend to do / a
From this point on, Othello insecurity manifests into a seemingly irrational fear of being cuckolded, and his self-perceived worth diminishes exponentially. Othello comments on the likelihood of Desdemona cheating, by explaining how it may be “for [he is] black / And have not those soft parts of conversation / That chamberers have…” (3.3.280-282) Othello’s frustration with the threat of being cuckolded puts strain on his relationship with Desdemona, and she quickly becomes a victim of domestic abuse. For example, Othello acts as an interrogator, demanding to see the handkerchief which he gave her that symbolizes faithfulness and commitment towards Othello. (Quotation) When she is unable to produce their symbol of trust, Othello’s anger manifests inside him. The audience is shown a stark contrast to Othello’s typically cool, collected and composted nature. This abrupt and irrational change in behaviour is emphasized when Othello strikes Desdemona in front of Lordovico, (4.1.245) Othello’s
In the play “The Tragedy of Othello” by Willian Shakespeare, Othello Changes from an intelligent and confident person to a senseless and insecure person. This change in his personality occurs mainly because: Iago plans to ruin his relationship with Desdemona, he was an Outsider, he had bad judgement when it came to trusting people and failed to see reality, his negative thinking about himself and his relationship with Desdemona.
“Where Id is, there ego shall be” (Freud, S.S. 1932). This is particularly relevant for the play Othello by William Shakespeare. In Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, he stated that the human psyche is a tripartite model composed of three elements. This psychoanalytic theory is extremely applicable to the Othello. The three main characters of this text of Othello have a remarkable resemblance to Freud’s analysis of human psyche, despite the fact that these two texts were written in different eras. Furthermore, the setting of Othello is also congruent with the concept of the human mind as a known and predictable conscious part and an unknown and sinister unconscious mind. Overall, Othello mirrors Freud’s psychoanalytical criticism concepts almost exactly. However, there are some facets of this text which refute Freudian Psychoanalysis.
Othello gives this to his wife Desdemona. This symbolizes their relationship. When Othello is unwell Desdemona goes to wipe his face and Othello lets it drop to the floor. He then states, “your napkin is to little”(III.iii.289). When they leave Emilia enters and picks up the handkerchief to keep. She continues to state how her husband has been trying to get ahold of this item. When Emilia retrieves it to him, Iago immediately starts to come up with a plan to ruin Othello’s marriage. Iago is so manipulative the he makes Othello believe that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio without any actual proof. Iago willingly destroys the relationship between Othello and Desdemona without feeling any guilt. He goes to Cassio and gives him the item as evidence to break up Othello and Desdemona. To Othello the handkerchief was valuable because it was the first gift he gave Desdemona. When Iago spreads the word out about her cheating, Othello demands for the handkerchief back. She does not have the item and attempts to change the subject. Othello demands “Fetch me the handkerchief: my mind misgives”, (III.iv.84) then she states “Come, come: you’ll never meet a more sufficient man” (III.iv.86). Othello is overwhelmed and walks
Through his suggestion to Cassio, Iago can now be certain that Cassio will entreat Desdemona to petition for him with Othello. Cassio does implore Desdemona and she responds, “Be thou assured, good Cassio, I will do all my abilities in thy behalf” (Act III Scene III). Iago manages to obtain the handkerchief that Othello gave to Desdemona that had strawberry patterns on it form Bianca. He then tells Othello to ask for the handkerchief and if she doesn’t produce it, than she must be cheating on him. Iago also manipulates the undeserving devotion of Emilia. We learn at the end of the play that Iago “begg’d of me to steal it” of Emilia. Like Desdemona’s good nature, Iago exploits his own wife for his malicious revenge. The handkerchief was the final straw for
In the play Othello, there are many jealous and selfish characters. Each of the characters at one point or another let their jealousy take over. It seems like they all have these plots and plans on how to hurt another character in the play either physically or emotionally, as an act of selfishness, so that they can feel better about themselves. One main character who seems extremely jealous in this play is Iago. Infact, probably the most jealous. Many bad things happen because of Iago. The first bad thing that Iago did, was tell Barbantio (Desdamona's father) that Desdemona has married Othello, the Moore. Iago was mad at Othello, because Cassio had made Othello a higher position and not Iago. Iago thought that he was the one who qualified for the position as general, not Othello. Iago was jealous because of this, so he decided to tell Barbantio about Desdemona and Othello. This was bad, because Barbantio did not know yet, and something like that should have been said by his own daughter, not someone who was not part of the family. The way Iago went about telling him was also bad. He called to his house in the middle of the night. He yelled it to Barbantio from downstairs into his window in a rude manner. " quote from Othello here." He wanted Barbantio to be upset about what had happened, and most of all, he wanted Barbantio to be mad at Othello and do something bad to him.
Iago had tricked Othello into believing that Desdemona cheated on him with Cassio, thus causing him to become jealous. His jealousy overcame his usual respectable, noble personality and he became irrational and violent. His jealousy and rage lead him to kill his wife, something he would never have done if he had not been jealous.
Othello doesn’t realize Iago doesn’t care towards him and never did after Iago wasn’t promoted to lieutenant. Iago plays the as the main director of what happens in Othello’s life. Othello doesn’t realize it thought. Iago is able to hide his emotions towards others. Which allows Othello not to notice he is faking every emotion of helping Othello. Iago is always at ease when in the eyes of his peers. “He moves jovially and at ease among the gentlemen of Cyprus, even as he sets up Cassio for a drunken fall” (Barnes 15). This shows how committed Iago was to strike revenge against his foes. Only a psychopath could hide their feelings in front of the people you want to hurt. “Iago refuses to show the "outward action" which would "demonstrate / The native act and figure of [his] heart / In complement extern" (“Where Iago Lies” 19). Because of Iago, Othello creates his own anxiety. He has anxiety because he now worries that Desdemona may be cheating on him with Cassio. Iago creates Othello’s fear by twisting his words to have different meanings. “Iago: O, beware, my lord, of jealousy/ It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock/ The meat it feeds on” (Shakespeare 1816-1818). Iago is manipulating Othello into believing that Othello shouldn’t be jealous, which tricks Othello into being jealous. The green-eyed monster is another term for jealousy. It is Othello though that allows him to get trapped in anxiety. Iago exploits him to bring Othello to a tragic