CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
This research is carried out to investigate factors that affect the sustainability of SMEs in Perlis. Research interest in the sustainability of business has a long history (e.g. Kassarjian, 1971). There is a growing body of research (e.g. Clemens, 2006, Hussey and Eagan, 2007) that has begun to look specifically in micro, small and medium sized enterprise (SME) context. “SME development seeks to balance and growth so as to align the creation of abundance: economically, environmentally and socially and to product introduction is not successful in one region, then perhaps, in some market half way around the globe” (Moore and Manring). One set of players that will have a major impact on the future of business and the planet are small- to medium enterprises (SMEs). In fact, these organizations constitute a major element in the world economy. However, when it comes to the role of business in addressing sustainable development, SMEs have largely been left out of the picture. Labonne (2006) compare large company and small firm in their use of environmental assessment tools. He found that small firm was far less likely to examine their environmental impact, primarily because of the financial limitations and cost associated with tools design for large firms with significant resources. Condon (2004) also noted that a lack financial knowledge and employees resources limited SME adaptation of sustainability practices.
1.2 The problem statement
Department for Culture, Media and Sport (1998), English Tourism Council (2000), Fanshawe (2000), Middleton and Hawkins (1998), Starkey (2000) stated that “some of the argument for promoting sustainability management practise in tourism SMEs are building comp...
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...conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter 1 is about the introduction of the research. It is consist of introduction, research problem, the rationale of the study, research question, research objectives, the significance of the Study, the definition of terms and the organization of the report. Chapter two will be the literature review. From the literature review, we will know the major findings and suggestion from the previous studies and applied the suggestion in this research as possible. Chapter three is about explanation of the theoretical framework, research methodology, research approach, research subject, questionnaire, statistical methods and summary. Chapter four is about the findings of the research ( the result of the research). Last is chapter five, it is about the summary of the research, recommendation, limitations and conclusion for the research.
The aim of this paper is to explore and critically analysing two research articles. The critical analysis will explain the importance of the study, evaluate design and research method used in those articles. To identify any gaps it will provide the literature review in those researches and possibility for the new study. The project plan, for the possible research will be developed on a potential gaps and the essay will finish with the conclusion.
The literature review consists of the process, and the product. It identifies the research problem, purpose, and questions which leads to the identification the research approach and design. Literature review identifies the gap in a study. Four types of literature are: Literature reviews, meta-analyses, research articles, and theory pieces. (Petty, R., & Guthrie, J., 2000). A good literature review produces a strong foundation to advancing knowledge. Literature is the foundation for theory, and is used to find areas where research is needed. It provides a strong basis for the research topic, selection of research methodology, and prove that the proposed research adds something new to the existing knowledge. Literature review provides a solid
Sustainable supply chains (SSC) are a process, which employ purchasing policies and procedures that assist sustainable development at the centers of tourism. This aspect of tourism is particularly vital to implementing feasible tour operator practices. The final tourist product featured in both glossy brochures and enticing websites must be considerate of viable sustainable supply chain management to create long lasting destinations for the consumer. This report will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of SSCs, and attempt to assess how SSCs are used as a popular management tool in the tourism industry. “Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) encapsulates the trend to use purchasing policies and practices to facilitate sustainable development at the tourist destination.” (Font and Tapper et al., 2008, pp. 260--271). To expand on this, there is an expectation that Supply Chain Management “emphasizes the logistics interactions that take place among the functions of marketing, logistics, and production within a firm and those interactions that take place between the legally separate firms within the product- flow channel.” (Pulevska-Ivanovska, L, 2007: 11) This definition encompasses the three main components of supply chain management: marketing, logistics and production. According to Dr Xavier Font, the tour operators’ product depends on 3 major sections: accommodation, transport and activities. (Font, X, 2011: 260) Supply chains vary depending on the nature of product and/or service. (‘UNEP’ 2013: 273) The diagram below illustrates the three main areas of impact: economy, society and environment.
This chapter consists of Reseach Design, Subject of the Study,Object of the Study, Technique of Collecting Data, Instrument oof Collecting Data, Method for Collecting Data, Data Analysis/
It will present summary of my reading in literature review, the questions that the research is expected to answer them, the sample, population and the research implementation. Finally, the questions' answers will be in the conclusions. The research focuses on those aspects. It goes step by step in order to find the great result that tells us who is more active man or woman?
In 1992, Rio Earth Summit, the World Tourism Organization and the World Travel and Tourism Council published Agenda 21 which mentioned the importance of sustainable development and defined the environmental and social impacts associated with hotel operation that should be minimized (Meade and Pringle, 2001). Nowadays, hospitality operations concern more about environmental sustainability because hotel sustainability might be a unique selling point for attracting environmentally sensitive customers and add extra value of influencing the customers’ choice of vacation decisions (Sloan, Legrand and Chen, 2013). Moreover, hotels have been valued as a key trading partner in tourism, therefore, the hospitality industry has a significant
Sustainability could be defined in many ways. It could be defined as the process to sustain a process or develop new technologies to reduce environment pollution. It also means a measurement how badly the environment is being polluted by other factors. I have to admit that sustainability is a great idea related to many fields such as healthy, economy, food, social, and etc. However, I still remember the first day of “Sustainable Business” class, Professor Laverty showed to my class an example of sustainable product with the idea of “produce more with less waste”. This example narrows me down to one idea of “Sustainable Business”, which is producing the product and services in an efficient and sustainable way without causing harms to environment. In this essay, I want to emphasize into impacts of businesses on environments, profitability of sustainable business, and responsibility of business.
A methodological literature review is required, as it establishes a basic framework for the proposed study. It helps in arriving on the research design to base the investigation upon (Sekaran, 1992). It helps in identifying key variables and demonstrating that the proposed research contributes something new by advancing what is already known in the research area. It also helps to narrow down the research area and formulation of questions around this to collect the required data. Each question should be related to the objective of the study. Literature review is very important aspect of the research process, it provides the inputs and guides the researcher to design a new instrument or use an existing instrument which can be used to analyze the data
When the industries are on peak positions then managing diversity is a critical to competiveness. Diversity management reacts to proactive rapid change. This is the reason the sustainable tourism focuses on the cultural and the natural resources. Sustainable tourism is the concept of visiting places as a tourist and trying to make and positive impact on the environment. Mainly the heritage value of the place, cultural identity of the place, the natural value of the place contributes to the destination of the tourism.
This chapter is about to determine how the study was conducted for the study results that can be obtained more accurately in the process of analyzing the information. A methodology may be selected from a variety of research designs thought to have compatibility to achieve and fulfil the goals and needs of the study. The methodological approaches that have been chosen also the tools used in order to get information are determined. There are a few parts in this chapter that include the framework, research method; research subjects include the sample, population and sampling, data collection method, questionnaires design and also the data analysis.
In this chapter, discussion on what is research, research design, population, sampling strategy, sampling methods, sample size will be made. Moreover, great of emphasis will be given to data collection instruments, pilot study and data analysis. At the end a small conclusion will be stated.
New Zealand tourism is largely reliant on 'Eco-tourism' so to maintain the tourism industry it is imperative that our environment is conserved. However tourism itself can have negative effects on the environment. The tourism sector must act responsibly in its use of the environment and any use must be sustainable.
The data collected will be analysed and interpreted. The summary of the findings, suggestions and the conclusion will be given in the report.
Striating from the research idea to the culmination of the findings, the research process entails many segments, all of which are imperative. By choosing the research methodology, the researchers can formulate the path to be used in conducting the study and reporting the findings. The methodology helps in the search of literature, development of research questions and the creation of the most suitable study design. It also assists in the interpretation of the results and the publication of the findings in journals.
“A stakeholder is anyone who participates in the project or who will be affected by the results of the project, and may include…people and groups within and outside of the organization” (Brown & Hyer, 2010, p.107-108). In the article, “Stakeholders’ Contribution in Sustainable Tourism” A. Kadi, M. Jaafar, & F. Hassan (2015) seeks to explain how tourism stakeholders affect tourism destinations and the need for collaboration between all the stakeholders. After reading the article, I found that the findings supported how the stakeholders influenced tourism and the packages offered through economic impact on tourism destinations in which Kadi, Jaafar, & Hassan attempt to make known through highlighting the issues and challenges in the tourism industry.