Pericardium Research Paper

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Pericardium pericardial cavity is place filled with a fluid in which the heart sits in. inner cover of the pericardial cavity is surrounded with a particular membrane called as the pericardium. Pericardium is a kind of lubrication material, which made of serous membrane that lubricates the heart and avoids friction between the ever beating hearts. Furthermore, pericardium hands out to maintain a hollow space for the heart and keep it in position. The pericardium consist of two layers-a visceral layer that warps the outside of the heart and a parietal layer that shape as a pouch on all sides of the outside of the pericardial cavity.

4.1 Structure of the Heart Wall

The heart wall is made of 3 layers: epicardium, myocardium and endocardium.

• Epicardium. It is the outer layer of the heart wall. Mainly, epicardium a thin layer of viscous membrane which assists to lubricate and keep the heart from outside.

• Myocardium. It Is the muscle of the heat and the middle layer of heart wall, and it is mostly cardiac muscle tissue. The myocardium forms the large thickness and weight of the heart wall. It is consider a part of the heart which is mainly responsible of pumping blood.

• Endocardium. Endocardium is the last heart wall layer, simple squamous endothelium that lining the inside of the heart. The function of endocardium is to maintain blood flow due to its smoothly layer and, prevent blood sticking on the wall then forming potentially deadly blood clots.

Heart wall thickness varies from part to the part and from person to person. For example the atria part of the heart has thinner layer of myocardium than ventricular because atria does not pump blood far. In ontrast, ventricles owns a very thick layer of myocardial in order t...

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... valves to open and the AV valves to close by pressure of the ventricles . By this way valves allows for blood flow from the ventricles into the arteries. This phase is called Repolarization then is prepare to the state of diastolic during this phase.

• Relaxation phase: the third phase of cardiac cycle which happened during the relaxation phase, As all blood transfers from the veins to the heart, ventricles chambers filled up about 75%capacity during this phase. Venticles would be totally filled up only after atria chamber goes in systole event. Depolarization and contraction of heart muscles will aftermath be prepared for next round after it has been repolarized during this phase. while the semilunar valves close to prevent the regurgitation of blood from the great arteries into the ventricles, the AV valves open to allow blood to flow freely into the ventricles

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