Peri urban zones are areas capable of promoting urban and rural livelihoods and coping with the pressure and dynamics of population and land use changes. This study examined the drivers of growth, characteristics and environmental challenges of the peri urban zones in Benin City, Nigeria using Ekiadolor as a case study. 30% of the total number of building stock in the area was chosen as sample size. For the survey, one household per building was selected while a head of household was selected for interview. Attributes investigated included reasons for staying in the community, length of stay, infrastructures and land related issues among others. Characteristics of a typical peri-urban community were well amplified in Ekiadolor. The establishment …show more content…
This rapid rate of urbanization according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (1979) has significant impacts on urban growth and population increase. These impacts of economic growth and physical expansion of the urban area are not confined within urban boundaries; they reach into much wider areas surrounding urban centres, creating so-called urban fringe areas, or peri-urban areas. There have been concentration and congestion in inner cities and the opposite process of suburbanization and dispersal at the urban fringes, the peri-urban …show more content…
The economic opportunities offered by cities are strong drivers for rural-urban migration. Many of these rural migrants find it difficult to fit themselves in the urban centres and therefore settle in the urban fringes (peri-urban areas). Pasquini and Maconachie (2005) also pointed out that the Nigerian structural adjustment policies of the 1980s forced many people to the peri-urban areas for agricultural purposes to supplement their meager income. Large numbers of urban residents, pushed out by high housing costs in the city, look for cheap accommodations in the peri-urban
populous city in Nigeria. In this essay I am going to critically examines push and
growth, in reaction to the many undesirable features of urban sprawl (Ye 301). Smart growth
Urban development (such as housing and construction) spreading into rural or suburban areas can be described as suburban sprawl. For example, Toronto’s urban development expanding into Brampton. Over the past few years, a lot of suburban sprawl has been happening in the GTA. Suburban sprawl can mean that human needs such as public transit or stores could be reached without having to travel a long distance. However, sprawl can also result in air pollution, climate change, and loss of agricultural land use. These factors especially
Housing According to Caimi, 2009 is an important asset of human settlements which has economic, social, cultural and personal significance. It indicates that the type of housing shows the income, environment, health, religious belief etc. of a person or household. Housing is a basic need therefore Individuals are entitled to housing, But, due to the rapid urbanization process and inadequate planning by governments, there are millions of people living in informal urban settlements around the world (World Bank, 2008). The housing characteristics of slums areas can be broadly divided in to five major sub sections according to Lopez, 2010. Namely Land acquisition, Materials for housing, housing facilities, housing environment, Access to roads. These subdivisions vary from one settlement to another and can be used to determine the magnitude of Slums. These major subdivisions would be explained
Overpopulation is a relatively recent issue. The world’s population has grown exponentially over the past twenty to thirty years. For example, the country of Bangladesh, with a population density of 1,188 people per square kilometer, has a 1.2% annual growth rate. Comparing these numbers with the United States’ population density of 34, and its growth rate of 0.7%, it is no wonder the country has an extremely high poverty rate, 31.5% according to the World Bank. As a result of this, certain areas have not been able to adjust to their changing population. The consequences of such an inability to adapt are poverty, crime, and an overall lower quality of life. Lagos, Nigeria is a city that best exemplifies this problem. With too few jobs and such a high population (estimated at 21 million) and a density of 18,000 people per square kilometer, the people of Lagos are quite poor, with very few wealthy inhabitants. Due to their poverty, some people revert to more unorthodox ways of making a living: crime. These crimes include scams, robberies, and fraud. As a consequence of poverty, the inhabitants also experience a lower quality of life due to their incapability to afford any
...rt there will be no urbanization. Economy has its own rules and its own development. We cannot "push" or "speed up" subjectively, Destructive Enthusiasm in urban planning will be a dead end. Therefore, in reality, we must guard against false or excessive urbanization driven by the interests of the regime and to halt the urban sprawl-style expansion, to achieve a gradual urbanization. "New Urbanism", "compact city", "smart growth" provides us with useful ideas. There are few tiny gaps between the focus of these concepts, but their main principle is the same, namely to improve the utilization efficiency of urban space and create policies to control urban sprawl. Change the city zoning concept, promoting diversification of land use; reduce reliability on motorized travel; improve public transport to stimulate the vitality of the city It is our common goal of the future
Suburbia is the expired perception of the American dream; it is shaped by the desire for land, green space, privacy, and safety. Whereas, the metropolis is shaped by economics, business, culture, and the exchange of ideas. These different environments create separate lifestyles that seldom overlap. Dense urban centers are naturally more sustainable than a low density suburb as they consume less energy, are less dependent on automobiles, have greater access to economic opportunities, and have more cultural amenities. With future population growth, communities must respond to the increasing housing demand. In the United States, metropolitan growth does not increase density, it increases sprawl. Why does the U.S.
The unprecedented urban growth is one of major urban issues relating to human activities and developments. We live in complexity of urban systems, vital to sustaining
In the urban city of Calabar where I were I was raised, different concentric zone models were observed. Starting from the low class settlement distanced away from central market and hub of business centre is the Calabar South zone where small businesses thrive, poor access to good infrastructure and poor environmental degradation boom. In the second group is the affluent households known for commercial business and high commute along with government offices situated closely to each other as a channel of well - organized urban zone called the MARIAN HIILL. And finally was the outskirt area from the city centre called the HIGHWAY PLAINS, here contains the upper class who distanced themselves from the city business centre. Here estates are built in patterns for old affluent citizens who has enjoyed the city centre in the past and at certain age decides to resort to a quieter life from the rushing and busy city
World development literature features discussions of social transformation from varying perspectives (Mittleman 2000, Moore and Gould 2003). Research on urban transformation (Moore and Gould 2003, Hubacek et al. 2009), for example, has drawn attention to aspects of well-being and socioeconomic changes in rural communities, raising questions of cultural identity and socioeconomic challenges faced by local individuals. Moore and Gould (2003) described urban settlement offers lure of better employment, education, health care, and culture. However, rapid and often unplanned urban growth results in poverty, environmental degradation
Reviewing history, from ancient times to the present, urban expansion is the inevitable product of urban development throughout an inhabited region. Urban expansion stimulates economics, brings higher employment and income rates. No doubt, every improvement comes with some sacrifice, that is how the world began, and continues to run so there is no reason to restrict urban expansion if managed properly.
But, what is worse is that many more of these poverty traps and shocks will continue to occur if there is nothing done to manage climate change and population. Increasing the population will just add to more increase gas emissions, which will just continue to perpetuate climate change and this will lead to increasing sea levels everywhere. Also, the expanding population will lead to greater levels of poverty and Lagos will be extremely vulnerability to all types of shocks. It is important to be aware that Lagos is not the only city that is being affected by over-population and poverty this is something that can be observed all over the globe so we must come other and contemplate different ways to limit the harsh effects of poverty and
With increasing population the quality of life in the city started to degrade and air pollution increased. Increased population gave rise to urban sprawl i.e. wide decentralization of the city outwards. The factors that responsible for bad shape of cities are excessive dependency on cars, the poorer public transport, lack of walking and cycling pathways and the excessive growth of built-up areas.
Urbanization is a common phenomenon in a country, particularly developing countries such as Indonesia. Urbanization occurs due to factors push and pull that causes people switching to another area. The dominant factor is the economic problem. The reason people move from one area to another in order to increase the community's economy and find better economic resources. It usually occurs in rural communities who migrated to urban area, because they expect a good job there and in urban area able to give their lives more colorful, and hope recording for better pay and higher if living in a urban area. Some factors pointed to drive increased urbanization, such as: First, differences in growth and inequality between village
...population distribution designed to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration appears to have had limited success in many developing countries. Policies must be directed at altering the rural economy in order to slow the rate of urban sprawl. Broad land use planning and changing of planning standards and governmental procedures would go a long way to reduce many of the problems that face urban populations in the developing areas, especially Africa. Urbanization can cause a lot of problems for a city or even a country. It can cause cities to become overpopulated which are known as mega-cites, and cause problems with living arrangements and finding a job. Urbanization can also cause health problems. Urbanization is supposed to be good for developing countries on the rise but with this rapid growth in Africa, these problems can become a major concern in the future.