"Physical Laws should have mathematical beauty." This statement was Dirac's
response to the question of his philosophy of physics, posed to him in Moscow in
1955. He wrote it on a blackboard that is still preserved today.[1]
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (1902-1984), known as P. A. M. Dirac, was the
fifteenth Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge. He shared the Nobel
Prize for Physics in 1933 with Erwin Schrodinger.[2] He is considered to be the
founder of quantum mechanics, providing the transition from quantum theory. The
Cambridge Philosophical Society awarded him the Hopkins Medal in 1930. He was
awarded the Royal Medal by the Royal Society of London in 1939 and the James
Scott Prize from the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 1952 the Max Plank Medal
came from the Association of German Physical Societies, as well as the Copley
Medal from the Royal Society. The Akademie der Wissenschaften in the German
Democratic Republic presented him with the Helmholtz Medal in 1964. In 1969 he
received the Oppenheimer Prize from the University of Miami. Lastly in 1973, he
received the Order of Merit.[3]
Dirac was well known for his almost anti--social behavior, but he was a
member of many scientific organizations throughout the world. Naturally, he was
a member of the Royal Society, but he was also a member of the Deutsche Akademie
der Naturforsher and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He was a foreign member
of Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques and the Academie des Sciences,
the Accademia delle Scienze Torino and the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and
the National Academy of Science. He was an honorary member and fellow of the
Indian Academy of Science, the Chinese Physical Society, the Royal Irish Academy,
the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the National Institute of Sciences in India, the
American Physical Society, the Tata Institute for Fundamental Research in India,
the Royal Danish Academy, and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He was a
corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.[4] The world wide respect
he earned for his work was well deserved.
A prolific writer, Dirac published over two hundred works between 1924
and 1987, mainly papers in physics journals on topics relating to quantum
mechanics. His book Principles of Quantum Mechanics , published in 1930, was the
first textbook in the discipline and became the standard.[5] Some predictions
made by Dirac are still untested because his theoretical work was so far
reaching, but many other predictions have been verified, assuring him of a
special place in the history of physics.[6]
Dirac was three years old when Einstein published his famous papers on
Though Mohr doesn’t expressly say so, I believe it is safe to assume that Mrs. Hamma is a white woman of at least moderate wealth. This immediately alienates her from her students, most of whom are Hispanic, speak poor English, and are doing menial tasks for little pay. In fact, there are only two students in the class of twenty-eight who are from Europe, one Italian and one Polish. Another obvious difference between Mrs. Hamma and most of her students is gender. When she is calling on the students to speak about themselves, the text says, “There were more men than women and Mrs. Hamma called two or three men for each women. It was her way of maintaining a balance.” Much of this story is focused on using education as a means to changing social status. This is a very American idea, the thought that one can change much of their life and lifestyle by educating themselves, getting a higher paying job, and working hard.
Jean Piaget became fascinated with the reasons behind why children cannot correctly answer questions that require logical thinking. Piaget was the first psychologist to conduct an organized study of the intellectual advancement in children. Before Piaget’s study, many believed children were merely less efficient thinkers than adults. Due to his study, however, Piaget proved children think in remarkably different ways than adults. Children are born with a very primitive mental complex that is genetically inherited and learned on which all the following knowledge and learning is based (McLeod, 2015).
Achievements Due to his bravery in the battle of Cambrai, Frederick Banting was awarded the Military Cross in 1919. Frederick Banting received the Reeve Prize from the University of Toronto in 1922. Frederick Banting’s greatest achievement was the discovery of insulin. Frederick Banting and John James Rickard Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1923. Frederick Banting shared half of his prize money with Charles Best.
Loewenberg, Bert J. "The Reaction of American Scientists to Darwinism." American Historical Review. 38 (1933): 687-701.
1. 1936 Strand joined with Berenice Abbot to establish the Photo League in New York
1924-1939 "Velikovsky lived in Palestine, practicing psychoanalysis- he had studied under Freud's pupil, Wi1helm Stekel in Vienna" quoted from (Short Biography)
In 1798, his grandfather died, which gave him his title and his estate. He later attended Trinity College at Cambridge University and earned his master’s degree in July of 1808 (“Lord”). Aside from his schooling he was an excellent marksman, horseman, and swimmer (Gurney 72). Many thought he was “mad- bad- and dangerous to know” (Napierkowski 38). His personality was very out of the realm of normal for the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in which he lived. He isolated himself from others’ opinions about his cruel, sexual eccentric...
...e philosophical principles and method such as cause and effect, time and place, essence, substance, matter and form. The third part examines the nature of motion, both linear and circular, and includes an examination of the concepts of acceleration and of the geometrical properties of lines, angles, circles, etc. The fourth part is physics or the what is known as the phenomena of nature and deals with sense experience and memory which are the two sources of knowledge of fact. IN addition it included the pleasure and pain, which are the causes of animal movement, the motions of heavenly bodies, heat and cold, sound and light, and gravity. Many people at Oxford disagreed with his work because they believe that they were much better mathematicians than him.
The author tells of how waves are effected by quantum mechanic. He also discusses the fact that electromagnetic radiation, or photons, are actually particles and waves. He continues to discuss how matter particles are also matter, but because of their h bar, is so small, the effects are not seen. Green concludes the quantum mechanics discussion by talking about the uncertainty principle.Chapter 5: The need for a New Theory: General Relativity vs.
Paul Robeson was a famous African American athlete, singer, actor and advocate for the civil
Women’s history in the United States has always been represented as a struggle for rights. Wealth and status were tied to either their fathers or husbands. In the early 1900s, women were afforded the traditional roles of society. The majority of women worked in the home. If they were of the 18% young or poor women, they also worked in factories as laborers, manufacturing items for the booming industrial revolution (U.S. Department of Labor, 1980). During this time period the workplace was not in compliance with current safety standards. There was no minimum wage yet, work conditions were horrible and they worked long hours, “In 1900, the average workweek in manufacturing was 53 hours,” (Fisk, 2003). Women took “pink collared jobs” or “woman’s work” that paid less than men’s wages. These jobs such as secretaries, waitresses, garment workers and housekeepers are still significantly underpaid today. Many widows and mothers were not able to make ends meet and often had to have their children work as well to support the family. Women had no rights to change these conditions or their circumstances. The inability to partake in the democratic process was something many women were angry with; Alice Paul was one of them.
A hundred years ago, a young married couple sat at a kitchen table talking over the items of the day while their young boy sat listening earnestly. He had heard the debate every night, and while there were no raised voices, their discussion was intense. It was a subject about which his parents were most passionate - the electrodynamics of moving bodies in the universe. The couple were of equal intelligence and fortitude, working together on a theory that few people can comprehend even to this day. Mileva Maric Einstein was considered to be the intellectual equal of her husband Albert, but somehow went unrecognized for her contributions to the 1905 Papers, which included the Special Theory of Relativity. The stronger force of these two bodies would be propelled into the archives of scientific history, while the other would be left to die alone, virtually unknown. Mrs. Einstein was robbed. She deserved to be recognized for at least a collaborative effort, but it was not to be. The role which society had accorded her and plain, bad luck would prove to be responsible for the life of this great mathematician and scientist, gone unnoticed.
When most people think of Paul Cezanne, they think of two words genius and painting. For these two words he is consider by far to be the Father of modern painting. Cezanne was born in Aix-en-Provence in 1839. He was to die in the same town in 1906.
The place he was born at was Penzance in Cornwall. Then at the age of 19 he apprenticed a surgeon and went to Bristol to study science. While there he investigated gases. There he prepared and inhaled nitrous oxide (laughing gas) and in 1800 published the results of his work in 'Researches, Chemical and Philosophical'. Davy delivered his first lecture at the Royal Institution in 1801 and instantly became a popular figure there. His tenure as a lecturer was immensely successful. During his second Bakerian lecture at the Royal Society in 1807, he made public his tremendous achievement – the decomposition by galvanism of the fixed alkalis. He performed a demonstration that these alkalis are simply metallic oxides. These discoveries are said to be the most important contribution made to the “Philosophical Transactions” since Sir Isaac Newton. While there he was a great success, with his lectures soon becoming a draw for fashionable London society. Then he became a follower of the Royal Society in 1803 and was awarded its Copley Medal in 1805.
Even though Albert Einstein’s life ended on that fateful April day, he will live on through the many contributions he has made to theoretical physics. A man of great creativity and perseverance, Einstein never stopped asking, “Why?” Perhaps humanity as a whole should start asking, “Why,” more often.