Elephantiasis is a condition in which a limb or other part of the body becomes grossly enlarged due to obstruction of the lymphatic system, typically by the nematode parasites that cause Filariasis. Filariasis is a tropical disease caused by the presence of filarial worm, if a person contracts the disease, this one can later develop elephantiasis. Another term of elephantiasis is Lymphatic Filariasis, which is a parasitic disease caused by the African eye worm, a microscopic thread-like worm: thread worms are small, thin and white, they infect the human intestines; more common in children but anyone of any age can be affected by it. This disease is transmitted from host to host by blood-feeding arthropods, mainly black flies and mosquitos. They are various filarial nematodes using humans as their absolute host. Lymphatic Filariasis is cause by the worms Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. These worms occupy the lymphatic system, including the lymph nodes. In the most severe cases, these worms lead to the disease elephantiasis.
Elephantiasis can also occur in the absence of parasitic infection. This nonparasitic form of elephantiasis is known as “nonfilarial elephantiasis” or “podoconiosis”, and areas of high prevalence have been documented in Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Sudan, Egypt and Ethiopia. Podoconoisis is a disease of the lymph vessels of the lower extremities that is caused by chronic exposure to irritant soils. Nonfilarial elephantiasis is thought to be caused by persistent contact with irritant soils: in particular, red clays rich in alkali metals such as sodium and potassium and associated with volcanic activity.
In areas where filariasis is endemic, the most common cause of elephanti...
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...ges to reduce swelling, surgically removing of the infected tissue and giving medications to kill microfilariae circulating in the blood stream.
References
• Elephantiasis. May 16, 2012. Retrieved, from WebMD website:
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/elephantiasis
• Elephantiasis-what is elephantiasis? (2014, January 12). Retrieved from:
http://www.newsmedical.net/health/Elephantiasis-What-is-Elephantiasis.aspx
• Lymphatic filariasis. (March, 2013). Retrieved from:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/
• Pathogenesis and Treatment of Chronic Symptoms with Emphasis on Chyluria and
Elephantiasis. (March, 2011). Retrieved from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153157/
• Podoconiosis: endemic non-filarial elephantiasis. (2009). Retrieved from:
http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/podoconiosis/en/
...odel. In order to do this, we have evaluated the progress of infection for 225 days using various treatments.
Treatment: Chemotherapy is on treatment method. Most infected people benefit from the treatments. To of the best drugs for treatment are Praziquantel and Oxamniquine. The side effects are mild and transient, some of then are as followed:
taken to the hospital and put on intravenous fluids with steroids and saline. Until the symptoms
P…* FIV tested +; *hospitalization for observation; *200 ml Normasol fluids SQ then *iv fluids @150ml/hr, 3 ml vit B complex added; urinalysis to be performed in a.m. after completion of fluid therapy.
• If the abscess was caused by bacteria, treatment usually involves draining the pus and taking antibiotic medicines. At first, you may need to receive antibiotics given directly into a vein through an IV tube. For a severe infection, you may need to be hospitalized. The pus may be drained from the abscess through needle aspiration or by making an incision in the abscess.
This parasite is spread through the bite of sandflies. There are three different types of infections and they each show varying degrees of severity. The cutaneous form produces mild skin ulcers, mucocutaneous produces ulcers in the mouth and nose, and the visceral form of the disease starts with skin ulcers and then fever, low red blood cell count, and an enlarged spleen and liver. The parasite is detected by a microscope and visceral can also be found by doing blood tests. 12 million people are in infected in 98 different countries and 2 million new cases are found every year. The disease also kills around 20 to 50 thousand people a year.
Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection characterized by the eruptions of superficial pustules and formation of thick yellow crusty sores. It is highly contagious and can occur anywhere on the body, especially in exposed areas. The two different types of Impetigo are Bullous Impetigo, which are large blisters, and Non-Bullous Impetigo, which are crusted over blisters. Non-Bullous Impetigo is the most common type. Both types require contact precautions because they can be transmitted via physical contact with anyone who has it, sharing the same clothes, bedding, towels, etc... Because of the way young children proceed with their lifestyles, touching everything within their reach, the primary age groups targeted with this infection are, in fact, young children. It is most common on their facial area, mainly around their noses and mouths, but sometimes impetigo will appear on their arms and legs.
how the wound is cleaned during the inflammation phases. How the clot is replaced with
Florman S, Burgdorf M, Finigan K, Slakey D, Hewitt R, Nichols R. Efficacy of Double Gloving with an Intrinsic Indicator System. Surgical Infections. Vol 6. No 4. 2005
As a standard precaution against bodily fluids or blood borne pathogens the medical assistant and the doctor would don their personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, face shield, and gown. Next, the medical assistant will prepare the following materials in preparation of the procedure: 1% or 2% lidocaine in a 10cc syringe/25 gauge needle, skin prep solution, #11 scalpel blade with handle, gauze, hemostat, scissors, iodoform, tape, and culture swab. After the materials have been prepped the doctor will clean the abscess with skin prep and drape the wound with sterile fenestrated drape. Anesthetic in the form of lidocaine with a 10cc syringe and 25-gauge needle will be injected around the abscess. The doctor will allow 3-5 minutes for the anesthetic to take affect before making an incision into the abscess. Once the incision is made the doctor will allow pus to ooze and drain out. While the pus is draining out, the culture swab will be inserted in to the abscess where a culture is taken so the origin of the infection is identified incase further treatment is needed. Using the hemostat the doctor will explore the abscess and continue to soak up the pus with the gauze. With a syringe and normal saline the doctor will irrigate
Factors that support the growth and distribution of these parasitic worms include warm and moist climate, poor sanitation and Hygiene, and compromised water supply control systems.
3. Phlebotomy may assist in conquering an infection because bleeding induces the release of a specific hormone in humans that reduces their fevers and causes the immune system to increase its level of activity. Since the immune system is responsible for fighting infections, kicking the immune system into high gear would help rid the body of infection.
Antibiotics for 10-14 days and supportive treatment are the mainstays of care as outlined in plan below:
Echinococcosis or Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease caused by an infection of tiny tapeworms (Image 1). This infection can be naturally transmitted between humans and other animals. It can be transmitted by digesting feces, contaminated meat or other products. It is considered one of the most significant groups of communicable diseases. There are three different types of echinococcosis which can affect both human and animals; but only two are most commonly seen in humans and animals. The two are cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis. In this essay I am going to explain more about the Echinococcus in general, the two different types of echinococcosis, the symptoms they create, and how they each affect the body differently.
Onchocerciasis is a disease of public health and socio-economic importance in Ethiopia. Onchocerciasis, commonly known as “river blindness” is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus it is transmitted to humans by a bite from infected black flies. Worm larvae that are transmitted develop into adults and settle into the fibrous nodules on the human body and produce microfilariae. Prolonged infection to the parasitic worm can lead to blindness and depigmentation of the skin. Onchocerciasis mostly affects the south-western region of Ethiopia, Africa and the Americas (World heath orginisation, 2006) and the