Passing Article 23
In most democratic governments there are laws protecting national
security while the people still have their freedom. I'm not against
having a National Security Law but against how Article 23 is written,
there are a lot of gray areas.
There are 7 parts to this law, Treason, Secession, Subversion,
Sedition, Theft of State Secrets, Foreign Political Organizations and
Organizations endangering National Security. All but 3 are fine,
sedition, theft of state secrets and organizations endangering
national security. They aren't specific enough.
Sedition refers to inciting others to commit treason, Subversion or
secession, or inciting others to engage in violent public disorder
that would seriously endanger the stability of the PRC. This is what
the government has drafted for sedition. This is all right but they
don't explain what 'inciting' is enough. So if Article 23 is passed
and you wrote an article about how the Chief Executive of Hong Kong is
doing a really bad job and would be good for Hong Kong if he resigned
and maybe people will read it. They might believe what you write is
true and go on a demonstration which might cause some violence. The
police will arrest you for sedition since you incited people to engage
in a violent public disorder. But you didn't mean to cause this
violence, you were just expressing your own opinion.
So sedition could restrict your freedom of expression.
Theft Of State secrets refers to the information on the relations
between the Central Authorities and the HKSAR on information acquired
by 'illegal' access. Possession of these would mean a theft of state
secrets. This doesn't specify what a state secret is. It could mean
that if a newspaper had published an article that there had been a
military exercise in China and the government hadn't want people to
know that there was one, the newspaper could be shut down or the
journalist arrested. But the newspaper company didn't know that it was
a state secret. The government should give us more details in what a
The founding fathers of the United States of America, envisioned a country where no one person would have too much control. This led to their writing of the Constitution. Within this document, the fathers laid out a government based on three branches: Legislative, Executive and Judicial. All three branches would have their own responsibilities and amount of power. Each branch would keep the others in check not allowing one to obtain more power than the other two. This system stuck and is still in use in our country today.
The 22nd Amendment is to prevent the United States of America from turning into a dictatorship by cutting down the terms you can serve to two four year terms and to limit the power one person can receive. The 22nd is an amendment that protects not only the U.S. but the people that reside there as well. It’s the story of how the constitution had no term limit for the president to run for to how it came to be two term set by the example of the first president.
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. There are twenty-seven amendments today. James Madison rose to the floor on June 8, 1789, of the United States Congress and proposed a series of changes to the new Constitution. He argued, the national charter would not be complete unless amendments were added that explicitly protected individuals' rights. On September 25, 1789, Congress transmitted to the state Legislatures twelve proposed amendments to the Constitution. Numbers three through twelve were adopted by the states to become the United States Bill of Rights. It was effective on
Since the ratification of the Eighth Amendment nearly two hundred and twenty two years ago, the citizens of the United States have been under constitutional protection from excessive bail, fines, and unusual or cruel punishment. The following examines and gives a brief analysis of the origination and history of the eighth amendment, along with the provisions/clauses contained within the amendment. In addition, I think an amendment requiring a limitation on immigration and immigration services should be added as the twenty-eighth amendment to the United States Constitution.
All members of the Society shall be subject to the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, Codes of Conduct. Failure to adhere to any College policies may be grounds for the termination of ones membership to the Society upon an affirmative vote of three-quarters of the Society’s active members.
The document I chose to write about is the United States Constitution. When the thirteen British colonies in North America declared their independence in 1776, they laid down that “governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” The “colonies” had to establish a government, which would be the framework for the United States. The purpose of a written constitution is to define and therefore more specifically limit government powers. After the Articles of Confederation failed to work in the 13 colonies, the U.S. Constitution was created in 1787.
Against what abuses of the ancient regime did revolutionary figures protest, and how did the Enlightenment influence the reforms they advocated?
The United States Constitution is the law of the United States. It is the foundation of this country and the most important document in its history. It provides the guidelines for the government and citizens of the United States. The Constitution will unquestionably continue to carry us into the 22nd century, just as it has for over two hundred years. The principles of the Constitution remain strong to this day, especially with respect to our government and to the Bill of Rights. To terminate the Constitution will essentially serve to undo two hundred years of history. If anything were to be changed about the Constitution, it would be the expansion of its principles, such as the growth of individuals’ rights.
The Twenty-Sixth Amendment was both ratified and passed in 1971 and allowed people the age of eighteen and up to vote in all levels (Local, State, Federal). Many people argued about the idea of eighteen year-olds being able to vote, and whether that they could be entrusted with it or not. It ended being passed as an Act in 1965, but became a Law in 1971.
It is 1776, the United States had just declared it’s Independence from England and one of those reasons for departing was the requirement to house British soldiers at anytime. After the French and Indian War England felt the need to thousands of soldiers in the colonies and an colonial quartering act was passed in 1765.When the British required the quartering of soldiers in the colonies it had passed in England that quartering of soldiers was not required. This quartering act on the colonies along with overtaxing lead to the start of the Revolution.Once the Americans won the war and had need to draft a constitution for the newly formed country, the exclusion of this requirement had to be added to the Bills of Rights.
Article I of the Constitution lays out the design of the legislative branches of the US Government. It is broken down into 10 sections with each section having its own set of clauses. Section 8 states that Congress shall have Power to lay and collect Taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States. . (US. Constitution, 2015). Article I, Cornell University Law School. Retrieved from https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlei. This section contains clauses that further expand upon the initial input and specifically has a “Necessary and Proper” or the “Coefficient or
I agree with the statement, “The 22nd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, limiting the American president to elected terms in office, has been successful and should be retained. This amendment has facilitated rotation in office and new ideas, both crucial to an effective democracy.”. The statement is an agreeable because it does not deprive citizens of their right to elect, it opens the candidate pool, problems have not arisen, and stops the country from being a monarchy. The 22nd Amendment limits the American president to two terms, totaling to eight years in office. The restrictions made by the 22nd Amendment have not proven to be a problem.
Perhaps the greatest document of all time, the Constitution of the United States of America was not easily created. Fifty-five great men were needed to hammer out all the details of the Constitution in a long grueling process. As James Madison, architect of the constitution said, “The [writing of the Constitution] formed a task more difficult than can be well conceived by those who were not concerned in the execution of it. Adding to [the difficulty] the natural diversity of human opinions on all new and complicated subjects, it is impossible to consider the degree of concord which ultimately prevailed as less than a miracle.” The “natural diversity of human opinions” which Madison spoke of can be split into two basic groups, Federalists, and Anti-Federalists. The Constitution took so long to be created because of the opposite views of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
When the Constitution of the United States was first created in 1787, its purpose was to unify our country. However, by 1850, the United States had become 'source of sectional discord and tension and ultimately contributed to the failure of the union it had created.' What happened during the 63 years after it was first established to 'contribute to the failure of the union it had created?' One must look at what the Constitution promoted to make the country unified and what it did to make it disunified. Compromises such as 3/5, the Missouri, and the tariff of 1850 all helped to unify and shape our country. However, compromises such as the Fugitive Slave Law, Popular Sovereignty, and the slave trade all led to disunify our country. The large populous states naturally wanted the number of representatives in the new Congress to be based on population. The Virginia Plan provided that there would be two houses of Congress and that in each one representation would be based on population. Like many other ideas that have made history, it was remarkably simple. Why not divide the Congress into two houses? In one house (the Senate) each state, regardless of population, would have the same number of representatives. In the other house (the House of Representatives) each member would represent the same number of people. 'Quite appropriately this came to be called the Great Compromise. Other major compromises came on slavery and on the control of commerce. The southern states, where the slaves were really treated as property, still wanted the slaves counted as people for the purposes of representation in the New House of Representatives. Some delegates argued that if one kind of property was counted f...
The basic purpose of UCTA 1977 is to restrict the extent to which liability in a contract can be excluded for breach of contract and negligence, largely by reference to a reasonableness requirement, but in some cases by a specific prohibition.