Fig. 42. Relief of Satyrs Glyptothek Munich, with two
Satyrs with an altar standing between them; above them is a nymph cortege and a little hekateion. Attica, 2nd century B.C.; from the heritage of the King Otto of Greece.
Amount this area, Parnassus consists as a mountain of limestone in central Greece that towers above Delphi, north of the Gulf of Corinth. Calculatingly, it occurs as the highest mountain in central Greece, which retains its snow during the greater part of the year, and its summit existed as being especially sacred to Bacchus, Apollo, Pan and home of the Muses. Moreover, high-up within the mountain exists the Corycium Antrum, sacred to the Corycian nymphs and transpired as one of Pan’s major cave abodes, appropriately, became steeped in legend. Specifically, author Janet McGiffin relates concerning her trip to Delphi that one of the main slopes of Mount Parnassos has an ancient footpath; which led worshippers of Pan up from the ancient temples of Delphi to the Corycean Grotto to perform his sexual rituals. Furthermore, the believed exists that the Archaio Monopati may be the oldest still-used
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He connected with the oracles in the sacred grove of Tibur, on the Aventine Hill in ancient Rome. Furthermore, ‘Faunus and Faustus’ became intertwined and believed to be the same that raised the two infants, Romulus and Remus that began Rome. The festivals of Lupercalia, held in honor of Faunus; unequivocally put the goat god Pan into an enormous spotlight. Forcefully, the celebration encompassed being viewed with honor, as Pan’s Temple Priests, the Luperci retained such tribute. Intrinsically, it appears, during this time, approval of the worship of Pan prevailed to its highest. Along with Lupercalia, the festival of Bacchanalia became imported into Rome, although the authorities strongly
Roisman, Hanna M. “The Veiled Hippolytus and Phaedra.” Hermes (4th Qtr., 1999): 397-409. JSTOR. Web. 11 Mar. 2014
The Romans, originally called the Latins after the volcanic plain were they lived, were founded around 753BCE after the battle across the seven hills on the Tiber. The battle was fought between twin brothers Romulus and Remus, ending in the defeat of Remus (Duiker). Religion played a huge role in the daily life of Rome, the state religion lasting between 200BCE-250CE (“Roman Religion”). Temples to worship the gods were built throughout the Roman Empire and family houses would also have a small altar and shrine. The Roman religion was a mixture of fragmented rituals, taboos, superstitions, and traditions that they collected over the years from a number of sources. The Roman gods and goddess were a blend of several religious influences. Many of the gods and goddess were introduced through the Greek colonies of southern Italy; others had roots in old religions of the Etruscans or Latin tribes (“Roman Religion”). Roman authorities were generally tolerant of the dietes and religious practices of Empire subjects and tried to foster loyalty to the empire by merging these gods and goddess into the Roman Pantheon (Overfield). Normally all the Romans would require was that the various cults not threaten public order or morality. Cults like Bacchism, Celts Druid and Christianity were seen as violating all norms of social behavior and threatened the stability of Roman rule (Overfield). It was not until the rule of Constantine that Christianity was accepted. This Essay will explore the two religious practices, Vestal Virgins and Roman devotees of the cult of Isis, describing their religious life before Constantine’s conversion.
After military victory in Spain, he returned to Rome. Then the Roman Senate commissioned the Ara Pacis, also known as the Altar of Peace. This altar honored Augustus’ return from his successful military campaign. The altar is known for its magnificent friezes, or horizontal bands of sculpture. The north and south walls depict members of the empire, including the most important member: the first citizen of Rome: Augustus himself.. The east and west walls depict scenes of Roman Peace such as Rome’s most famous origin story. The founding of Rome is a traditional story about how Romulus and Remus (sons of the god of war, Mars) were suckled and nurtured by a she-wolf until a shepherd began to care for the boys. When the boys became men, they reestablished the city but the brothers fought amongst themselves. Romulus killed Remus, and the name of the city now refers to the brother who lived. By depicting the believed origin of Rome in stone, Augustus made the story canon. This was the story he wanted his people to
"We begged God to accept our lives and our blood and unite them to His life and His blood for the salvation of these tribes."1 This quote gives a small window into the heroism and abandon in which St. Isaac Jogues lived out his call to evangelize the native people of New France (Canada). Driven by a deep admiration for the Jesuit missionaries of Japan and China, he sacrificially dove deep into the culture of those who he lived with. He did this so that Jesus would not not simply come across as a European savior, but as a universal redeemer who speaks to people in their own language, through their own heritage and traditions. Even after facing brutal torture at the hands of the Mohawks, St. Isaac Jogues persisted in spreading the gospel in Canada, trusting that through his sufferng God would bring about salvation.
Hephaestus's mother was Hera, the god of marriage and the queen of all the gods. Zeus, the god of Heaven and the king of all gods, was his father. It is rumored that Hera gave birth to Hephaestus without Zeus's assistance because she was angry at him for giving birth to Athena through his head without her assistance. Zeus and Hera were some of the first Olympian gods that overpowered their parents and began their rule over Heaven and the other gods. Hephaestus's sister, Athena, the goddess of wisdom and war, was born from Zeus's head because Gaia said his son (Even though Athena turned out to be a girl) would overthrow him once he was born. Zeus swallowed Athena before she was born so that she would be unable to overpower him, but Hephaestus used an ax to bust open Zeus's head and allow Athena to be born. Zeus and Hera had many other children besides Athena and Hephaestus. Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, was Hephaestus's wife. Zeus forced Aphrodite to marry Hephaestus in exchange for Hera's freedom from the throne he made for her that imprisoned her. Later, Aphrodite ended up cheating on Hephaestus by getting with Ares. Some say that Hephaestus and Aphrodite divorced afterward.
The Circus Maximus was the principle locale for ludi, civic competitions associated with the religious festivals of Rome. Ludi were subsidized by the state of Rome to benefit the people and the gods. Most ludi occurred once a year, however ludi could be held in order to fulfill a religious oath or in celebration of Roman triumphs. The first ludi held due to a Roman triumph at the Circus Maximus occurred when Tarquin vowed a ludi to Jupiter after the Roman’s triumph over Pometia. Ludi fluctuated from one day to several days, with religious ceremonies and community banquets, chariot racing, athletic competitions, plays, and gladiator competitions. The larger ludi would begin with an ostentatious parade called pompa circensis, which presented the participants and pronounced the purpose of the ludi (Humphrey 66-67). As Rome became larger, new ludi were conceived by political figures who wanted support from the people. Through the later times of the Republic, ludi were held 57 days each year (Bunson 246). The republic’s end caused the emperors of Rome to meet the rapidly growing demand for consistent ludi and the necessity for further specialized venues. The Circus Maximus would eventually become the principle venue for chariot racing in Rome. After the coliseum was built ...
Ancient Rome had a distinct religion which held several different beliefs. The Latin word “religio” means “something that binds.” For Romans, religion was a binding force between families, peasants and their rulers, and people and the spirits. According to the journal “Roman Religion,” “Roman religion was animistic-- that is, it included the belief that spirits (called numina) dwelled within natural objects, such as trees or rocks, creating a sort of “force field” around them” (1). The animistic character of Roman religion helps explain why Rome, unlike Greece, did not have a mythology of its own: they worshiped inanimate objects rather than people. A second article entitled “Religion, Roman” declares that the forces within the inanimate objects “had to be reckoned with and that human beings should try to pacify the spirits” (1). However, the pacification of the numina did not call for strong moral behavior from Romans. For this reason, cult worship was very popular in Roman religion. “Religion, Roman” also proclaims that “Ancient Roman religion was a matter of … performing prescribed rituals to win the favor” of the spirits (1). These rituals typically involved sacrifice. The main purpose of the ritual was to communicate with the numina and to receive their approval, which they believed was necessary to be successful (“Religion, Roman” 1). The numina were believed to ha...
Dionysus, the son of Zeus and Semele, was the only god with a mortal parent. Zeus was the almighty god, ruler of all gods; however, Semele was a princess of Thebes. Zeus came to Semele in the night, no human could see Zeus, but felt his heavenly presence. Semele was honored to be loved by any god. She did not know which one, but she persuaded Zeus to reveal his form. He had no other choice since he vowed to his promise, soon as Zeus revealed himself, she was instantly burned to a crisp. Zeus saved the fetal, Dionysus, and stitched him in his thigh where he would remain until he was born. By Dionysus being born from Zeus made him immortal. Therefore, being immortal made Dionysus a god that any other considerable god should uphold the same title. For example, Osiris, the Egyptian god, is the god of the Underworld. He possessed human form and lived on Earth (Egyptian Mythology 1997.) He was not considered a god until after he was murdered by the Sets. Dionysus was raised by small
Those who hear the name of William Penn may know him as the founder of Pennsylvania, or even recognize him on the Quaker Oat's logo. But this man is more than a another governmental leader or the face of a successful breakfast brand. Penn is, in my opinion, a figure to be admired both in politics and in the Christian faith and I argue that he is highly worthy for the 11th House of The Kings College dawning his name. Although it just so happens that my family is related to William Penn, I am not offering him as an option only because of that fact, but because I discovered his humble and dedicated life to God and people and cannot help but admire this quintessential Christian leader.
Hermes might have more to do with the human race’s everyday life than most people think. Hermes was the messenger of the gods, and the god of travel, business, and sports. He traveled with his winged sandals and winged hat. The god of helped and protected many mortals. On jobs he and his men could make anyone fall asleep instantly if a problem occurred. Hermes might have invented some things in the human race’s everyday lives. Hermes was an essential god in ancient Greek culture.
Bacchus, the Roman god of wine, was notoriously known among Romans for his interest and fascination in drinking, alcoholism, and partying. He was infamous for the Bacchanalia festivals, events involving wild partying, which were held in honor of him. However, contrary to popular belief that he was an inconsiderate and careless drunkard, the Romans could have viewed him as a more considerate and caring god. While Bacchus was infamous for being an alcohol and party addict, he, at the same time, showed empathy and compassion for those whom he loved and the Romans as a whole. This is portrayed through his journey throughout the world, his generosity and courage in many myths, and his representation in the twenty-first century.
Pausanias. Description of Greece. Trans. W.H.S. Jonas. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. 15-16. Web.
Saint Faustina was born on August 25, 1905 in Głogowiec, Poland as Helena Kowalska. Her family was very poor and did not have much money. She was the third of ten children.
John Wesley is one of the most influential men in Christian history, a man known for his rigorous devotion to personal holiness. He not only is the founder of the Methodist Church, but also influenced the Wesleyan Church, the Free Methodist Church and the Nazarene Church, among others. His passion for the nonbelievers led him to travel 250,000 miles, give away over £30,000 and preach over 40,000 times around the globe. Wesley lived his life with vigor, rising each morning at four to prepare for the day. John Wesley pioneered spiritual revitalization in Europe and North America, devoted himself to personal holiness, and redefined experience and the Holy Spirit in his lifetime, changing the course of Christian history.
The story of Prometheus is I think one of the best stories in Greek mythology, I think Prometheus showed a lot of loyalty to man when he defied Zeus to bring fire to mankind. Without fire mankind, who had been enduring great hardships, such as freezing and starving, would not have survived much longer as the story goes. I think that when Prometheus decided to go against Zeus’ wish to not help mankind he must have known it would make Zeus mad and that he would be punished, this is why I think it is one of the most incredible things I have seen in Greek myth. I think that it really takes a man that is true to himself to know you are going to face trouble, hardship, or even punishment and not let that sway your decision to do the right thing,