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Quizlet parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease review paper
Quizlet parkinson's disease
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Its more than just the shakes. References 1. Carson-DeWitt, Rosalyn and Lukas, Rimas and Knight, Jeffrey A. (2010). Parkinson disease. In J. Knight (Ed.),Genetics & Inherited Conditions. Hackensack: Salem. Retrieved from http://online.salempress.com 2. Fallon, L. F., & Cataldo, L. J. (2013). Parkinson's disease. In Gale (Ed.), The Gale encyclopedia of nursing and allied health (2nd ed.). Farmington, MI: Gale. Retrieved from http://libproxy.ecpi.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/galegnaah/parkinson_s_disease/0?institutionId=1209
3. Ishihara-Paul, L. S., & Brayne, C. (2009). Parkinson's disease. In E. R. Ingram, The international encyclopedia of depression. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. Retrieved
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Jahanshahi, M. (2007). Parkinson’s disease. In S. Ayers, A. Baum, C. McManus, & et. al. (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of psychology, health and medicine (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from …show more content…
The disease mainly affects the motor system. Which results from the death of cells in substantia nigra region of the brain. Pesticide exposure and head injuries have been linked to Parkinson’s disease.
Signs and Symptoms
The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease generally come on slowly over time.
Some signs and symptoms include:
• Tremors; first in a hands on one side of the body before the other
• slow movement
• stiff muscles
• loss of balance
• depression
Dementia becomes common in the event stages of Parkinson’s disease. Diagnosis
While there is no test for specifically for Parkinson’s disease some test may be done to rule out other causes. The tests may include:
• brain scans; CT, MRI, PET, SPECT
• blood test
• lumbar puncture
• x-rays
A neurological exam may also be done to look for characteristics and symptoms. Your physician will also review your medical history for signs
Treatment
There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease medication is used to treat the symptoms of the disease. Nutrition, exercise, and physical therapy are also used to help treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s
Percy, A. K. (1999). Inherited neurodegenerative disease: The evolution of our thinking. Journal of Child Neurology, 14(4), 256-62. Retrieved from
Parkinson’s disease is not a condition that is necessarily easy to be diagnosed. Therefore, the individual is advised to see a Parkinson’s specialist to receive the most accurate diagnosis and consider what the best course of treatment for the individual would be.
Parkinson’s Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the community resulting in significant disability. This global problem has consumed the lives of many. “Approximately 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease each year, and this number does not reflect the thousands of cases that go undetected” (Statistics on Parkinson’s, 2014). Once this unbiased disease has begun to affect the patient it is a lifelong battle. Parkinson’s disease has a tremendous impact on the patient as they battle for their independence and plead for their acceptance into their own community setting. People living with Parkinson’s disease struggle with tremors, bradykinesia and rigidity. It takes a skilled nurse to be able to care for the patient suffering with Parkinson. With education, support and exercise the patient will be able to feel some sense of hope for their future. The purpose of this paper to is educate the community about Parkinson’s disease and the impact on the patient and on the nurse caring for the patient.
Goldmann, David R., and David A. Horowitz. American College of Physicians Home Medical Guide to Parkinson's Disease. New York: Dorling Kindersley Pub., 2000. Print.
With more than 200,000 US cases per year, Parkinson’s disease has become a major part
In Lucky Man: A Memoir by Michael J. Fox, Fox uses his naturally comedic perspective to show the reader how he has dealt with Parkinson’s Disease in a positive light. Fox has shown the reader the challenges that come with such a disease and the fact that Fox has done so much in such a short period of time inspires me. The goal of COSI 109 is to help students better understand communication disorders and this book most certainly accomplishes that.
The path physiology of Parkinson’s disease is the pathogenesis if Parkinson disease is unknown. Epidemiologic data suggest genetic, viral, and environmental toxins as possible causes. Nigral and basal loss of neurons with depletion of dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is the principal biochemical alteration in Parkinson disease. Symptoms in basal ganglia disorders result from an imbalance of dopaminergic (inhibitory) and cholinergic (excitatory) activity in the caudate and putamen of the basal ganglia.
Parkinson's is an idiopathic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that attacks neurotransmitters in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is concentrated in a specific area of the brain called the substantia nigra. The neurotransmitter dopamine is a chemical that regulates muscle movement and emotion. Dopamine is responsible for relaying messages between the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain to control body movement. The death of these neurotransmitters affects the central nervous system. The most common symptoms are movement related, including shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with posture. Behavioral problems may arise as the disease progresses. Due to the loss of dopamine, Parkinson's patients will often experience depression and some compulsive behavior. In advanced stages of the disease dementia will sometimes occur. The implications of the disease on the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory and phonatory systems significantly control speech.
Doctors need a sure way to diagnose the disease before treatment or studies can be done. The diagnosis is an autopsy of brain tissue examined under a microscope. In addition, medical history, a physical exam, and mental status tests are used for diagnosis (Posen, 1995). Often, tests are done to rule out other potential causes of the dementia. This allows the identification of other causes of thinking and behavioral changes to be made before concluding that the patient has Alzheimer’s or another form of dementia. The tests that are requested to be done include CT and MRI scans to rule out strokes or brain tumors which could account for change in memory and behavior; thyroid and psychological tests which can also detect thinking and behavior problems (Posen, 1995).
Langston, J. W. "Current Theories on the Cause of Parkinson’s Disease. " Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1989, suppl. ,pp. 13-i7.
Several tests are done in order to determine if a patient meets these criteria, and this can be done by physicians and neurologists.... ... middle of paper ... ... Retrieved January 19, 2014, from nia.nih.gov: http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/part-1-basics-healthy-brain/inside-human-brain. a.
716). Characteristic features of Parkinson's disease include “motor impairment (bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, gait dysfunction, and postural instability), cognitive impairment (frontal lobe executive dysfunction), and mood disorders” (p. 716). Normally, motor performance depends on the interaction between automatic (unconscious) and volitional (cognitive) control of movement, however those with Parkinson's disease, experience an “early and preferential loss of dopamine in the caudal regions of the basal ganglia (dorsal regions in rodents), which leads to diminished automatic and increased cognitive control of movements that include frontal lobe circuitry” (p. 716). Consequently, those with Parkinson’s disease must sustain a larger cognitive load to execute either motor or cognitive tasks, such as working memory. In the past decade, increasing evidence has accrued for the role of exercise in the improvement of motor performance, which may help both the cognitive and automatic control of movement. Thus, exercise interventions can help those with Parkinson’s disease incorporate goal-based motor skill training, which then helps in engaging circuitry important in motor learning. Individuals with Parkinson's disease become cognitively engaged with the practice and acquiring of movements and skills that were formerly automatic and unconscious. In addition, aerobic exercise is also observed as important for improvement of blood flow and assistance of neuroplasticity in the elderly, which may also play a role in the improvement of behavioral function in those with Parkinson's disease. Petzinger et al. additionally states that exercise also uses goal-based training and aerobic activity which can improve “both cognitive and automatic
Your doctor will decide whether you have Bell’s palsy by asking you questions about your medical history, like what are the symptoms? When did they start have you had this before .Do you have any other problems such as dizziness, hearing loss or weakness in the other parts of your body. During this examination he will check out the upper and lower part of the face, have you lift your eyebrows and then lower them, close your eyes tightly and then open them. Smile and show the teeth, Weakness may affect the forhead, eyelid or mouth. Blood pressure is normal. Early detection and treatment of Bell’s palsy may help prevent permanent nerve damage. At the point in the exam your Doctor may order test which include,
"Parkinsonism: Causes and Coping Strategies." Parkinsonism: What Causes It? N.p., n.d. Web. 11 May 2014.
Even if the physical symptoms of a stroke are obvious, brain scans should also be carried out to determine if the stroke has been caused by a blocked artery (ischaemic stroke) or burst blood vessel (haemorrhagic stroke), which part of the brain has been affected, and how severe the stroke is. Different treatments are required for the different types of stroke, so a rapid diagnosis will make treatment more straightforward. Further tests on the heart and blood vessels might be carried out later to confirm what caused your stroke. In some cases, another type of ultrasound scan called an echocardiogram may be carried out to produce images of your heart and check for any problems with it that could be related to your stroke.