I. Hypothesis.
The purpose of this research is to find out if parental supervision has an influence in
adolescents’ drinking behavior.
II. Literature Review.
Research suggests that parents play an important role in the lives of children. Some of these parents have a negative or positive influence on the lives of the children. Shin, Edwards, Heeren, & Amodeo (2009) stated that in the United Stated nearly 3.3 million referrals were made to state and local child protective services (CPS) for assessment or investigation in 2006. Out of these million referrals, 905, 000 were judged to be victims of child abuse or neglect. Childhood maltreatment has been associated to alcohol abuse. “Although many studies have found a relationship between childhood maltreatment and the risk of alcohol abuse and its dependence in adulthood, few studies have examined this relationship within an adolescent population” (p.226).
Previous studies between childhood abuse and alcohol problems increase the likelihood for drinking alcohol during adolescence about two to three-fold. Shin et al. (2009) reported that among 2,187 adolescents in 10th through 12th grades, adolescent who had been sexually abused were three times more likely to drink alcohol that those who were not abused. Another study, the ACE study which is an Adverse Childhood Experience, also reported that adolescents who had been abused as a child were 2.1 to 2.8 times more likely to begin drinking by the age of 14.
These adolescents who had a child abuse history take alcohol as a self-medication in an attempt to cope with the effects triggering, and memories associated with the abuse. A major concern about alcohol drinking in adolescent is whether child’s abuse in...
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...rent or Guardian and Adolescent Alcohol Use. The AmericanJournal on Addictoions, 18, 226-234.
Williams, R. J., Nigg, C. R., Kittinger, D. S., & Eller, L. N. (2010). The Impact of Parent-Child Discussions and Parent Restrictions on Adolescent Alcohol Consumption. A Journal of Asia Pacific Medicinal Journal, 69 (6), 144-146.
Florida Alcohol Statistics. (n.d). Retrieved July 27, 20011 from
http://www.usnodrugs.com/alcohol-statistics.htm
Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS). (2009). Retrieved July 28, 2011 from http://www.dcf.state.fl.us/programs/samh/publications/fysas/09Survey/2009%20FYSAS %20State%20Report%20(Final).pdf pp.23-24
Stattin, H., Koutatis, N., & Kerr, M. (2008). Reducing Youth Alcohol Drinking Through a
Parent-Targeted Intervention: The Orebro Prevention Program. Addiction Research Report,
103 (10), 1629-37.
The article “Adolescent Brain Development and Underage Drinking in the United States: Identifying Risks of Alcohol Use in College Populations” written by Marisa Silveri, PhD, aims to emphasize the the negative behavioral consequences with underage alcohol use. Silveri is a highly decorated professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, who has been studying the neurobiology of brain development and consequences of alcohol and drug abuse using preclinical and clinical models for two decades. Her substantial background in psychology and neurobiology make her a highly credible source, and improves the author’s chance of making the point really stick. The article is easy to follow, and split up in subcategories that each cover a specific point the author is trying to make. Professor Silveri, with great credibility, uses logic and also emotional appeal to effectively convince the reader that alcohol use affects the brain negatively, and the importance to discourage the excessive consumption of alcohol by adolescents.
Smith, Karen. “Alcohol Use by youth and Adolescents: A Pediatric Concern.” Pediatric American Academy of Pediatrics. 12 April, 2010. Web. 26 March, 2014. .
One in five adults can identify with growing up with an alcoholic relative and Twenty-eight million Americans have one parent abusing or dependent on alcoholic (Walker, & Lee, 1998). There are devastating and ubiquitous effects of alcoholism, which vary from psychological, social, or biological problems for families. Counselor’s treating this problem all agree that the relationships within a family, especially between a parent and a child is one of the most influential within a system, but what are the effects on the family when a parent is an alcoholic? Contemporary research has found there is a higher prevalence of problems in the family when alcohol is the organizing principle. In addition, there is copious research on the roles of individuals within the family becoming defined into specific categories, and evidently, the roles may become reversed between the parent and the child. This topic of functional roles in alcoholic families will be analyzed and investigated further. Family therapy has had substantial results in the treatment of an alcoholic parent. These results will be discussed more along, with the literature examining the existing research related, to specific interventions and treatments in family therapy with an alcoholic parent. Before research on the treatment is illuminated on distinctive therapies, it is crucial for counselors facilitating family therapy to comprehend the literature on the presenting problems commonly, associated with alcoholic parents and the effects this population has on their families. Furthermore, the adverse outcomes an alcoholic parent has on their children and spouses has been researched and reviewed.
Kramer, Liz, and Nancy Sprague “Alcohol Abuse and Youth: An Overview.” Points of View: Alcohol Abuse & Youth (2007): 1. Points of View Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 17 Nov. 2009.
The crippling effects of alcoholism and drug dependency are not confined to the addict alone. The family suffers, physically and emotionally, and it is the children who are the most disastrous victims. Frequently neglected and abused, they lack the maturity to combat the terrifying destructiveness of the addict’s behavior. As adults these individuals may become compulsively attracted to the same lifestyle as their parents, excessive alcohol and drug abuse, destructive relationships, antisocial behavior, and find themselves in an infinite loop of feelings of emptiness, futility, and despair. Behind the appearance of calm and success, Adult Children of Alcoholics often bear a sad, melancholy and haunted look that betrays their quietest confidence. In the chilling silence of the darkest nights of their souls, they yearn for intimacy: their greatest longing, and deepest fear. Their creeping terror lives as the child of years of emotional, and sometimes physical, family violence.
Alcoholism comes with many problems and consequences that are dangerous for young teens. In America the average age for a girl’s first drink is thirteen, and for a boy it’s eleven. Young teens that drink are more likely to do with or
The earlier children begin to experience adversity the more detrimental and long-term the psychological, physical, emotional, and behavioral effects will be; exposure to multiple adversities increases the likelihood of children developing psychological and behavioral issues. Researchers in this study first collected data from previous research done on the relationship between ACEs, delinquency, and substance abuse from Wave I of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW II), which is a national longitudinal study of a number of children from the ages of birth to 18 years. Investigations performed by child welfare agencies in the US determined whether these children were victims of child abuse and/or neglect. NSCAW officials collected data by having in-person interviews with guardians, teachers, caseworkers, and the children who were the subjects of the
Alcohol is the drug most frequently used and abused by adolescents in the USA and in the Netherlands. In the USA, 56% of students aged 15 and 16 years reported using alcohol and 34% reported having been drunk in the past year. (Ross) Just think about it 15 and 16 year olds drinking imagine when they are 21 years of age they are most likely to become a big disaster. Which, that becomes to be very bad for you because you don’t want your kid to become an alcoholic.
Strine, T., Dube, S., Dube, V., Witt Prahn, A., Rasmussen, S., Wagenfeld, M., Croft, J. (2012). Associations between adverse childhood experiences, psychological distress, and adult alcohol problems. American Journal of Health Behavior, 36(3), 408-423. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=43&sid=54392cc5-0150-4def-89f7-b43309bb775f%40sessionmgr198&hid=114&bdata=JmxvZ2luLmFzcCZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmU%3d#db=aph&AN=72384112
This may result in an increase in communication between the parents and dependent as they feel more comfortable and safe due to the parent’s nurturing behaviour towards their child.
Because children are in the stage of development, they are considered to be the most susceptible to parental alcoholism (Park, Schepp, 2014, p. 1222). However, research showed that these children are very aware of the dangers of alcoholism (Hill, 2013, p.345). Although many of these children, studied by Hill (2013), preferred to purposefully limit any mention of alcohol abuse in their families, they showed great understanding of this problem. Children are actually troubled more about the effects parental alcoholism has on their family, for example they can associate alcoholism with the increase of disharmony between parents, and neglect from parent(s) (Hill, 2013, p.345). In a lot of these studies children were very selective of when to share their personal experiences, they were more likely to talk about their parents drinking problem if it was not present anymore or had decreased (Hill, 2013, p.347). These children shared their unwavering defense of their alcoholic parent, never really admitti...
Parents and their parenting style play an important role in the development of their child. In fact, many child experts suggest that parenting style can affect a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological development which influence not just their childhood years, but it will also extend throughout their adult life. This is because a child’s development takes place through a number of stimuli, interaction, and exchanges that surround him or her. And since parents are generally a fixed presence in a child’s life, they will likely have a significant part on the child’s positive or negative development (Gur 25).
Alcohol abuse in teens has become a big problem in the U.S. and because of it, that's an obstacle to not succeed in college. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there has been a report that youth under the age of 21 drink alcohol, therefore, the statistics show that youth ages 12 and 20 drink 11% of all alcohol ingested in the U.S. (Unknown Author) but, there are reasons youth under 21 consume this substance which these include peer pressure, increased independence, desire to do it, stress, other reasons are family problems like: parents divorced, family member sick or passed away.
In USA, there are more than three million report of child abuse every year. It is the highest number than other countries. As the result of child abuse, children are more likely to drink and smoke at young age, face depression or at least one psychological
The use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs during adolescence and early adulthood remains a serious health problem in the United States. Among the drug classes, alcohol is the most frequently used substance by adolescents and that is followed by marijuana and tobacco. The consequences of alcohol and drug abuse are critical on both a personal and social level. For the developing young adult drug and alcohol abuse threatens motivation, hinders the cognitive processes, increases the risk of accidental injury or death, and contributes to debilitating mood disorders. In addition, it contributes to educational failure, juvenile crime, increase in mental health services, and high cost in health care. Oftentimes, there are underlying mental health issues that are undiagnosed or existing conditions that are medicated which can invariably lead to an increase in adolescent alcohol and substance use disorder.