Being loved and accepted is a basic human need. One of the forms of love and acceptance comes from parental love. A growing body of research shows that the quality of parent-child relationships, characterized either in the form of love and acceptance (loving) or hatred and rejecting (lack of love) may have implication on a person’s behavior, cognition, and emotion. Vast array of studies state that the type of relationship exist in parent-child relation is a major predictor for the development of for offspring’s (children and adult) psychosocial functioning, such as mental health, behavioral traits and academic achievement (Tam, Lee, Kumarasuria & Har, 2012). For example, Naz and Kausar (2013) found that perceived rejection of parents is related to the development of maladjusted personalities and depressive symptoms in female participants. Based on their study, perceived parental rejection correlates positively with females’ maladjusted behaviors and depression.
A positive and loving relationship in parent-child relation, normally characterized as warm, nurturing and loving often would lead to positive development in individual in terms of social, behavioural and psychological (Veneziano, 2000). A negative relationship in parent-child would lead to negative outcome for the child development such as low self-esteem or depression to a child. In some cases, the impact may last well into adulthood. Sayre-Scibona (2007) also reported in their study the existence of the relationship between perceived parental acceptance and career indecisiveness in adulthood. Ansari and Qureshi (2013) also found a link between parental love and self-esteem. They found that parental love correlates positively with individual’s self-esteem
The current s...
... middle of paper ...
...great disparity in terms of males versus females perceived maternal rejection versus perceived paternal rejection.
Based on the theoretical framework, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of perceived parental rejection and gender differences between male and female perception of their parent rejection, in relation to psychological adjustment. This study centered around Rohner’s parental acceptance-rejection theory, more specifically its PARTheory’s personality subtheory. The hypotheses of this study were formed based on the research questions that were stated early in this study. The first was that perceived father rejection is a stronger predictor of adults’ psychological adjustment. the second hypothesis of current study was that there would be gender differences in male and female adults perceived parental (mother and father) rejection.
The role of a father is more than just another parent at home (Popenoe, 1996). Having a father, the male biological parent in a child’s life is important because it brings a different type of parenting that cannot be replicated by anyone else (Stanton, 2010). Fathers who are present and active in a child’s life provide great benefits to a developing child (Popenoe, 1996). Having a father brings a different kind of love. The love of the father is more expectant and instrumental, different from the love of a mother (Stanton, as cited in Pruett, 1987).
Biblarz and Stacey came into this already thinking that the gender of parents does not matter, but they stay open minded, often contributing sources that contradict their belief. Offering both viewpoints on the issue, they discuss why boys and girls do need a fatherly figure growing up. They state, “fathers foster
...e personally. As I have mentioned previously, I have always had a challenging relationship with my mother. I felt like nothing I did was good enough, and the things I did accomplish were dismissed to the point where I felt like my life was nothing of importance. Why I was so fixated on my mother’s approval is a discussion for another paper, but according to such social contingencies result in the child’s oscillation between emotional inhibition and extreme emotional reac- tivity. In support of these proposals, research has found that parental punishment or minimization of emotional expres- sion is correlated with children’s proneness to frequent or in- tense negative emotions (e.g., Eisenberg, Fabes, & Murphy, 1996) and low socioemotional competence (e.g., Jones, Eisenberg, Fabes, & MacKinnon, 2002).
Beyond genetics, parents have an extremely significant impact on the emotional, moral, and social development of their children. This is understandable, as many children interact solely with their parents until they reach school-age. Parents have the ability to determine a child’s temperament, their social abilities, how well-behaved or in control of their emotions they are, how mature and ambitious the child will be, and so forth. (Sharpe) Furthermore, parents have both ideals for their children as well as ideals for themselves, and how they raise their children is deeply influenced by this.
Karen Horney “Distrust between sexes” proceeds go into the different aspects of Love and Relationships. In this book Horney gives examples on how women deal with emotions which transitions from childhood to adult life. The fundamentals of documentation are displayed in unavoidable ways in most occurrences people run into. People are blind to the fact that love in relationships can be destroyed by overt or covert? In some cases lack of sympathy is then blamed, when relationships don’t work out between two individuals. Some couples fall into social, economic defaults which impacts the relationships. These are issues people never stop to think about, all they want to do is shift the blame to one another in a relationship. Self-preservation is a basic instinct for everyone and is present at birth. This can enhance the natural fear of losing ourselves in a relationship (Horney 1930). In Horney discussions I found that a person only feels despair because of the deep emotions of abundant from “Love” during childhood. That can develop more mixed emotions that turn into mistrust, which causes delusions that tell them they are not getting love from their partner (Horney 1930). With these types of feelings mistrust sips into relationships, starting from a child carries over into adult life. Reasons are when a child comes into the world learns everything it needs to know from its parent. If the child’s emotional needs are not taken care of when the family increases, the child will feel a need to compete for affection from the parents, which could turn into a painful situation. With this being said the child grows into an adult with suppressed aggression. If he/she has not learned how to deal with...
She was rejecting towards her children’s emotions, not giving them the emotional support they needed. Maggie now has disdain for her mother, whereas Milo still seemed hopeful for his Mother’s love and support. People who have lack of social support are more likely to be vulnerable to major depressive disorder, (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2014). The twin’s mother’s behavior clearly worsened the twin’s problems with depression during her visit. Excessive reassurance seeking can result when one experiences social rejection, especially if the person experiences the rejection frequently, (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2014). The interpersonal difficulties that their mother caused as children follow them into adulthood, (Barbour, n.d.). This becomes a cycle, the interpersonal difficulties that have become chronic continue to worsen depression and continuing the interpersonal difficulties, (Barbour, n.d.). This is Beck’s cognitive theory at play here. Early experiences form dysfunctional beliefs, critical incidents activate these beliefs, and the negative thoughts become automatic, (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2014). Social support is a critical variable in depression, (Barbour, n.d.). This is because the extent a person likes someone is directly correlated with how much one is willing to help and support that person, (Barbour, n.d.). Milo and
Sobolewski, Juliana M., and Paul R. Amato. 2007. "Parents' Discord and Divorce, Parent-Child Relationships and Subjective Well-Being in Early Adulthood: Is Feeling Close to Two Parents Always Better than Feeling Close to One?." Social Forces 85, no. 3: 1105-1124. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 8, 2011).
Sobolewski, J.M., & Amato, P.R. (2007). Parents’ discord and divorce, parent-child relationships and subjective well-being in early adulthood: is feeing close to two parents always better than feeling close to one? Social Forces, 85(3), 1105-1124.
"October Sky" by Joe Johnston and "Every Day Use" by Alice Walker's stories deal with parents and kids relationships. John Hickam and a middle-aged woman are parents who find themselves choosing between both of their kids. Dee and Jim are the strongest kids of the family who've followed their parents' expectations. Homer and Maggie are very different from their brother and sister. They have very different goals compare to their brothers and sisters. As consequence their relationship with their parents experience obstacles and conflicts. As readers we capture the distinctions that this parents have between their kids. They treat them differently. The theme that stands the most is based on the relationship between parents and children. John and Walker have learned to accept their kids and the differences that create a different out come from the begging of the story until the end. Hickam and Walker faced conflicts and gained their parents respects by changing their static relationship into dynamic acceptance between them. Homer devotion to rockets and differences between his brothers does not follow his dad's expectations creating conflicts between them and static their relationship as father and son. In "October Sky", the story takes place at a West Virginia mining town during the 1950's. People could only survive working in coalmines. John is a mine superintendent and fully expects Homer to follow his footsteps. He demonstrates to him how much he wants him to become a coal minter and says " homer I was born for this, and I shouldn't be surprise you were to." This creates conflict with his dream of becoming a Rocket Scientists. By winning the science project he would be able to gain a scholarship and becoming a rocket scientist. He...
Witt, S. D. (n.d.). The Influence of Peers on Children’s Socialization to Gender Roles. Retrieved from University of Akron: http://gozips.uakron.edu/~susan8/artpeers.htm
Children usually show ambivalent attachment to their parents when their parents are permissive. Permissive parents usually have few rules and no “standard of behavior” and when there is rules they are often inconsistent. These parents are not usually strict when it comes to school work and their child 's grades, there is no punishment given for poor grades in some cases. The parents are more like friends, rather than parents but are very nurturing and loving towards their kids. The effects of permissive parenting is the child often lacks self-discipline, have poor social skills and may feel insecure since they have no boundaries. With permissive parenting, the child may realize they have to figure out what is right and wrong to do on their own and may have to develop their own self-discipline and responsibilities. On the other hand, the child may be lost, undisciplined and very irresponsible. These children often are involved in underaged drinking and perhaps drug use. Since their parents aren’t very demanding they may “turn a blind eye” to their
No matter what, people form thousands of relationships to get through the ups and downs in life. To be frank, life would be pretty dull and empty without relationships. One of the most important relationships is the one that people form with their parents (Perry). Early family relationships are the foundation for adult relationships and a child’s personality (Perry; Greenberg). Alicia Lieberman, a psychology professor, said “The foundation for how a child feels about himself and the world is how he feels in his relationship with the primary caregiver” (Greenberg). According to Erik Erikson and the attachment theory, the bond between a caregiver and child has a huge impact on a child’s development because of social and emotional effects.
In depth analysis has revealed the structure of people and who they grow up to be. Whether the parenting style is prosperous or poor, it has significant impacts on how one sees the world, how one sees themself and has influence on one's levels of achievement throughout a lifetime. Until the child can recognize their own ability and goals, parenting style is the largest determining factor in the child's success in social and academic circumstances. Children are the final product, or a reflection of culture and a family's values. No matter what events or people cause turmoil in a child's life, the true impact of the negative outside forces lays in the parents hands. If the child is raised correctly, negativity will not take a toll on them as opposed to a child raised in a 'broken home.'
Relationships play an essential role in people’s everyday life. A person’s first relationship is the one with their parents, which has a huge impact on the way offspring will relate to others, and develop future relationships. There are many aspects that come into play between parents and their children, such as, the personality of the family members, the education received from the parents, the family history, and the environmental situation in which the household is located. In fact, there are a series of variables, such as the education given to the child, and more fundamental aspects that are essential to the well being of the members in the relationship, such as the unconditional acceptance of one another. Parental behaviors such as protection,
Parenting is both a biological and a social process” Lerner, Castellino, Terry, Villarruel & McKinney (1995); Tobach & Schneirla(1968) states that…(as cited in Lerner & Brennan). Parents can develop and bring about positive influences in the behavioral and mental development of their children through appropriate parenting. The role of parents is of fundamental importance for the healthy growth of children. Research has revealed that adolescence periods can be broken down into three stages such as a) early adolescence (from approximately age 10 – 13) b) middle adolescence (ages 14 - 17) and c) late adolescence (ages 18 22), (Kopko). Parenting during adolescence is crucial as the child normally undergoes significant mental, social, emotional and physical changes during these stages. The objective of this research paper is to establish how positive parenting style enhances the development of a child’s mental, social and discipline.