Effect of parameters on bending moment and shear force
The study compares the effect of parameters on bending moment and shear force produced by fatigue load models. The fatigue load models are again classified based on number of axles for the calculation of bending moment and shear force. The bending moment and shear force is calculated for simply supported span. Bridge span is adopted as variable. The maximum bending moment and shear force is calculated to study the effect on bending moment and shear force with increase in span.
Effect of number of axles on bending moment and shear force
Bending moment and shear force decreases as number of axles increases, because with increase in number of axles the distribution of load increases. For instance, for almost same gross vehicle weight and 50 m span: in Figure 14, Euro code two axle FLM 4 (GVW = 200 kN) and in Figure 16, three axle Schilling’s model (GVW = 222 kN) produces bending moment 2344 kN.m and 2283 kN.m respectively; in Figure 16, Euro code three axle FLM 4 (GVW = 310 kN) and in Figure 18, four axle BS 5400 model (GVW = 320 kN) produces bending moment 4239 kN.m and 3374 kN.m respectively; in Figure 18, four axle Laman’s model (GVW = 490 kN) and in Figure 20, Euro code five axle FLM 4 (GVW = 490 kN) produces bending moment 5280 kN.m and 5265 kN.m respectively. In all the three examples, the models of same gross vehicle weights are compared to see the effect of increase in number of axle and the reduction in bending moment is seen in all the three cases.
Effect of gross vehicle weight on bending moment and shear force
Bending moment and shear force increases with increase in gross vehicle weight. For instance, for 50 m span: in Figure 14, Bing and Wu’s fatigue load model ha...
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Steven Hermosillo Professor Wallace Fire Tech 105 15 November 2015 Silver Bridge Collapse According to Wikipedia, Forty-six people were killed in the silver-bridge collapse and another nine people were injured. “The Silver Bridge was an eye-bar-chain suspension bridge built in 1928 and named for the color of its aluminum paint. The bridge connected Point Pleasant, West Virginia, and Gallipolis, Ohio, over the Ohio River” (Wikipedia). This was a highly used bridge serving thousands of cars a day before the collapse.
There are many differences between solid axles and independent front suspension and how they are both widely used throughout the four-wheel drive world whether on a truck or an SUV and even from the roughest terrain to cruising down the highway. The different types of axle also affects the way a truck or SUV handles while towing a heavy load down the road, either gravel or on a paved surface.
A connecting rod subjected to an axial load F may buckle with x-axis as neutral axis in the plane of motion of the connecting rod, {or} y-axis is a neutral axis. The connecting rod is considered like both ends hinged for buckling about x axis and both ends fixed for buckling about y-axis. A connecting rod should be equally strong in buckling about either axis [8].
Since the invention of the automobile, there have been many great innovations within the industry. The suspension of the automobile serves as a good example of one of those innovations. Could you imagine riding around in your brand new Nissan Skyline GT-R, with the same suspension methods used to stabilize old horse and carriage buggies centuries ago? That would not serve its purpose very well. Due to the demands of society, vehicle stabilization became a priority to increase safety. Throughout the years, there have been different variations of vehicle suspension systems. For example, we have adaptive air, solid axle, and dead axle suspensions. Without the advancements made in the way we travel and transport goods, civilization could not prosper the way it has.
Fatigue failure can be divided in three parts i.e. Crack initiation, Crack propagation and Final rupture.
According to Suspension bridges: Concepts and various innovative techniques of structural evaluation, “During the past 200 years, suspension bridges have been at the forefront in all aspects of structural engineering” (“Suspension”). This statement shows that suspension bridges have been used for over 200 years, and that people are still using them today because they are structurally better bridges. This paper shows four arguments on the advantages of suspension bridges, and why you should use one when building a bridge. When deciding on building a suspension bridge, it has many advantages such as; its lightness, ability to span over a long distance, easy construction, cost effective, easy to maintain, less risk
One of the great engineering feats when building this bridge was the use of steel. Despite its maximum height of 343m span of 2.46km, 280m above the valley floor, the bridge is actually quite light. 242,000 tonnes seems like a lot but without the use of steel on the structure, this bridge would have been more than twice as heavy. Steel is a much stronger material than concrete, so can support more weight with less mass. The actual road deck, which is comprised almost entirely of steel, only weighs 36,000 tonnes. The other 206,000 tonnes comes primarily from the massive pylons, which are m...
The Tacoma Narrows Bridge is perhaps the most notorious failure in the world of engineering. It collapsed on November 7, 1940 just months after its opening on July 1, 1940. It was designed by Leon Moisseiff and at its time it was the third largest suspension bridge in the world with a center span of over half a mile long. The bridge was very narrow and sleek giving it a look of grace, but this design made it very flexible in the wind. Nicknamed the "Galloping Gertie," because of its undulating behavior, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge drew the attention of motorists seeking a cheap thrill. Drivers felt that they were driving on a roller coaster, as they would disappear from sight in the trough of the wave. On the last day of the bridge's existence it gave fair warning that its destruction was eminent. Not only did it oscillate up and down, but twisted side to side in a cork screw motion. After hours of this violent motion with wind speeds reaching forty and fifty miles per hour, the bridge collapsed. With such a catastrophic failure, many people ask why such an apparently well thought out plan could have failed so badly?(This rhetorical question clearly sets up a position of inquiry-which iniates all research.) The reason for the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge is still controversial, but three theories reveal the basis of an engineering explanation. (Jason then directly asserts what he found to be a possible answer to his question.)
The bridge we chose to select for our research paper is the Blue Water Bridge. The Blue Water Bridge spreads across the St. Clair River and conducts international traffic between Port Huron, Michigan, and Point Edward and Sarnia, Ontario. According to the Michigan Department of Transportation, “Located near the I-94 and I-69 interchange, the bridge forms a critical gateway linking Canada and the United States”. The Blue Water Bridge consists of tolls and inspection plazas on each side of the border where individuals pay for crossing and communication with inspection offices such as Immigration or Customs. The original Blue Water Bridge opened in 1938 and it was renovated in 1993. This bridge is a three-lane westbound bridge. The second
I must stress that is it of extreme importance to adhere to the class note guidelines set out by Lowry (2014) who states that “when viewing the person as a load, consider the following; weight, height and mobility”. I also believe that it is important to ensure that mechanical equipment such as trolleys and hoists are in excellent working condition. When taking these last two points into consideration the risk of injury should be greatly reduced.
Works Cited Journal articles: • Lane, Thomas. “Crazy Angles, Soaring Steel.” Building vol. 274 no. 8588 (28) 2009, July 17, pp. 40-46.
Bhatt, P. P. (n.d). Prestressed concrete design to Eurocodes / Prabhakara Bhatt. London; New York: Spon Press, 2011.
Fatigue in aviation has always been a significant issue when it comes to the safety of the crew and passengers. Fatigue in flight is not the only issue. There is also a serious safety issue in other areas of aviation such as maintenance, air traffic control (ATC), and even in areas such as baggage claim and gate security. One can find evidence of fatigue in just about every aspect of daily life. A majority of vehicle accidents can be contributed to fatigue in one way or another. One can even see it in the late night college student trying to finish a paper before its deadline. Although the last example doesn’t have any serious safety concerns it is still a very real instance of fatigue. The area of transportation has seen thousands of incidents where fatigue has
...aft for six feet stretched 2006 Hummer H2. I had to design the shaft for critical speed and its torsional strength by taking into consideration for minimal vibrations in operation at different engine speeds. I’m thankful to my Manager Mr. Ayaz Patel for believing in me and giving an opportunity to demonstrate my skills.
Chua, Ian Y. H. Civil and Structural Engineering Resource Web. 29 Jan. 2000. 2 Mar.