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Prevalance of human papilloma virus
Essay about cervical cancer
Essay about cervical cancer
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Recommended: Prevalance of human papilloma virus
Ladies, can you remember the last time that you did it? Gentlemen, do you know if your mother, sister, wife or female friends have been doing it regularly? Oh, Pap smear that is. According to Kelbach, a Pap smear (also called a Pap test) is a screening procedure for cervical cancer. It is a simple, quick and relatively painless screening test. The Pap smear, test for the presence of precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix, the opening of the uterus. Pap tests are very accurate and regular. Up to 80 percent of women diagnosed with invasive cancer of the cervix have not had a Pap smear in the past 5 years. A Pap test reduces cervical cancer rates and mortality by 80 percent (Kelbach 2015). Many adults have been infected with Human Papillomavirus …show more content…
Due to poor access to screening and treatment services, more than 90% of all deaths occur in women living in low and middle income countries. It occurs when abnormal cells on the cervix grow out of control. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Cervical cancer can often be successfully treated when it's found early. It is a largely preventable disease with screening, vaccination and political willpower (Simon …show more content…
Two strains of the HPV virus (HPV 16 and HPV 18) are known to be responsible for 70% of all cases of cervical cancer. These types of HPV infection don't have any symptoms; so many women won't realize they have the infection. Condoms can be used during sex to offer some protection against HPV, but it can't always prevent infection, because the virus is also spread through skin-to-skin contact of the wider genital area. Since 2008, a HPV vaccine has been routinely offered to girls aged 12 and 13, so they are protected before ever being exposed to the virus. HPV vaccine also produces a more robust immune response during the preteen years it is given in 3 shots. The second shot is given 1 or 2 months after the first shot. Then a third shot is given 6 months after the first shot. The two vaccines available that used are to prevent HPV are: 1) Gardasil that protects against HPV types 6 and 11, which can cause genital warts in both men and women. 2) Cervarix, on the other hand, is not licensed for use in men, it reduce the risk of cervical cancer even if you have been previously exposed to HPV (NHS Choices, 2015).
Females having multiple sex partners are at great risk, not only them but according to (Tommaso, M.D), if you are a virgin, you may have a low risk of cervical cancer, but you can still consider testing, because there are other risk factors for developing
The Papanicolaou test in medical terms can also be known as or be called as the Pap smear, pap test, or smear test. It is a microscopic examination of cell .The purpose of this test is to perceive occurring of precancerous or existing cancerous cells in the opening uterus of the cervix. It also discerns asymmetry in the cells of the cervix (the bottom, narrow end of the uterus.)[1]
The Pap smear had the potential to decrease that death rate by 70 percent or more, but there were two things standing in its way: first, many women- like Henrietta-simply didn’t get the test; and, second, even when they did, few doctors knew how to interpret the results accurately, because they didn’t know what the various stages of cervical cancer looked like under a microscope.
For many years researchers have endeavoured to enhance current methods in cervical screening which utilises the Papanicolaou smear (also known as a Pap smear). Limitations in the smear have caused major emphasis to increase sensitivity and specificity whilst also creating an automated screening procedure. The Pap smear was initially introduced in the context of cervical screening in the detection of pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix in 1940’s (Koss, 1989). Cervical screens are vital as research has shown 90% of women with invasive cervical carcinoma could be prevented by finding any lesions early (Grace. et al. (2001). Cervical screening in the UK presented with an annual reduction of 7% but the Pap smear also possesses many limitations such as high error rates (Graff. et al. 1987) Figure 1.
What is the human papillomavirus (HPV)? According to the US government’s National Cancer Institute, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a collection of more than one hundred viruses, many types having the ability to grow tumors or polyps that are malignant and others benign. Certain of the viruses are capable of forming genital warts. The HPVs that cause the common warts on hands and feet are different from those that cause growth in the throat or genital area (Human Papillomavirus). Professors Joe Cummins and Dr. Mae-Wan Ho inform us that some types are associated with cancer, and are called “high risk” HPVs. Of the more than one hundred types of HPVs, over thirty can be passed on through sexual contact. Most HPV infections occur without any symptoms and go away without treatment over the course of a few years. However, HPV infection sometimes persists for many years, with or without causing detectable cell abnormalities. Infection from “High risk” types of HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. Pap smears have also led to earlier detection of these infections. Nearly all women who are sexually active will have HPV inf...
...g in the injected area. Gardasil is not 100% effective, and it may not protect against all HPV types, including high risk HPV's. This vaccine is not meant to cure any existing HPV virus. The vaccine is given in 3 shots, each with a 6- month period of time in between. People can get it as early as 9 years of age, both male and female, all the way to age 26. Gardasil is covered by most health insurances. For those uninsured Merck is willing to provide vaccines, since Gardasil is not very cheap (“Learn about Gardasil” 2012).
Young adolescents do not realize how much of a risk it is to engage in sexual intercourse even while wearing a condom. There are three ways you can get genital herpes: oral sex, anal sex, and vaginal sex. According to The Washington Post, if a condom is used 100 percent of the time during vaginal sex, condoms reduce the risk of getting genital herpes by only about 50 percent (Washington 2). It’s still safer to use a condom to reduce chances of getting other sexually transmitted diseases. But adolescents should know that your risk is only cut only half while being protected. Rob Stein mentions, that many adolescents and adults say they engage in oral sex as a less risky type of sex (Stein 2). Most of these adolescents look at oral sex as safer type of sex but
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States (Cook 210). There are over 100 types of HPV viruses and 30 or more of these viruses that can be sexually transmitted. (Vamos, McDermott, Daley 303). There are approximately 20 million people in the United States that are infected with HPV, and there are about 6.2 million new HPV cases each year (Vamos, McDermott, and Daley 303). Even though most HPV cases are non-cancerous, two of the HPV strains are known to cause 70 percent of cervical cancer, and the other two strains cause 90 percent of genital warts cases (Javitt, Berkowitz, and Gostin 384). Mendenhall, Elisa, and O'Mara stated, "Because of the cancer link, the strains that are the greatest medical concerns are those that are sexually transmitted"(49). It is estimated that it costs the United States about five billion dollars each year to diagnose and treat HPV related diseases (Cook 211).
...tion, nearly 80% of cases occur in low-income countries, where cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women. Of course by taking the vaccine one cannot eliminate the cancer since it only targets four strains of HPV but it will surely reduce those numbers greatly, and isn’t this what we want in the end?
All families should get their children vaccinated against the most common STD in America, the Human papilloma virus (HPV). As health care professionals it is essential to educate parents and adolescents about the HPV virus which can cause genital warts along with many varieties of cancers including cervical, penile and throat cancer. The vaccine will guard against four strains of the virus. Two of these strains are known to cause 70% of cervical cancer cases and the other two cause 90% of genital warts (Kara Newby, 2009). Another reason to receive the HPV vaccine is to promote sexual and reproductive health education. Two of the biggest arguments against the HPV vaccine are the high cost and that some parents feel it will make their teenagers feel invisible and may engage in more risky sexual behaviors if vaccinated.
Cervical cancer is formed in the tissues of the cervix, an organ that connects the uterus and the vagina. Virtually all cervical cancers are caused by Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections (Schiffman et. al., 2007). HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. According to the CDC, 75% of sexually active people aged 15-49 have the infection at some point in their lives. (CDC). Because HPV infection is usually asymptomatic, infected people do not know exactly when they get the infection. In most cases, the body is able to fight off the virus before any symptom. However, health problems such as genital warts and cancer may result with persistent exposure to HPV.
What Exactly Is A Pap Smear? A pap smear only takes a few minutes, and while it is a bit uncomfortable, most women don’t describe it as painful. During a pap smear your gynecologist will simply use a small instrument to gently scrape cells from your cervix
Human Papillomavirus is a common viral infection that has emerged as an important risk factor. Anyone who is sexually active is at risk for getting this disease; although there is a vaccine to prevent it. Once someone has HPV they are more at risk for genital warts and Cervical cancer (CDC). It can years for the symptoms to ...
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital is a non-profit organization that has three pillars that they strive to achieve every day, as well as give everyone the opportunity to help out these sick children and their families.
According to a 2000 poll done by the Centers for Disease Control, 48% of sexually transmitted diseases are accounted for in people between the ages of fifteen to twenty-four. It is also reported that teens are more likely than other age groups to have multiple sex partners and practice unsafe sex more often. The three most common diseases in teens are Chlamydia, human papillomavirus (HPV), and trichomoniasis. These diseases account for more than eighty-eight percent of new cases in this age group (Davidnow, 2004).
Trevena L. (2009) Cancer screening Reprinted from Australian Family Physician: School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales. Vol. 38, No. 4